Holding Students Responsible for their School and Classroom Behavior: Developing a School-wide Accountability System to Encourage Student Self-Management and Staff Consistency


Book Description

Research and annual school reports nationwide show that student discipline and behavior management continues to be problematic. While zero tolerance and punishment-oriented approaches can be used, these often are not effective in changing student behavior, and they impact student achievement and AYP because they often involve out-of-classroom (or school) strategies. Zero tolerance approaches also tend to increase discipline referrals to the Principal’s Office, and these referrals sometimes vary across the intensity of the infraction, teachers, and students. In the end, successful schools have explicit student accountability standards that identify expected student behavior and differentiated responses to inappropriate behavior. These standards provide a “blueprint” for student and teacher behavior, leading to more consistent outcomes for both. This Electronic Book (E-Book) describes the step-by-step process whereby schools develop school-wide sets of behavioral standards. Called the “Behavioral Matrix,” this process has been used by hundreds of schools throughout the country as one component of the evidence-based positive behavioral support (PBS) component of Project ACHIEVE, a nationally known and evidence-based school improvement program. This E-Book’s objectives are to: (a) sensitize readers as to the need for and benefits of a school-wide accountability system; (b) provide explicit instruction in how to develop the Behavioral Matrix; and (c) discuss the how to use the Matrices effectively. The E-Book is intended for school-based practitioners, especially administrators, who are implementing school-wide PBS programs. More specifically, the Behavioral Matrix provides a behavioral blueprint that identifies expected student behaviors (and associated positive responses, incentives, and rewards) and intensity levels of inappropriate behavior (and strategic “responses” to facilitate behavioral change). Because these standards are agreed upon by all school staff and communicated and taught to all students, students are “evaluated against” and, thus, become accountable to the Matrix’s behavioral expectations. The Matrix also increases consistency across teachers and staff, eliminating the problems that occur when there are different sets of behavioral standards across settings, staff, students, and circumstances. Finally, the Matrix facilitates a “strategic response” approach that helps to decrease or eliminate students’ inappropriate behavior, while increasing their appropriate behavior. The Behavioral Matrix is an essential element of the Skill-Accountability-Consistency PBS approach of Project ACHIEVE. Its presence in a school is essential both to staff and student success. var __chd__ = {'aid':11079,'chaid':'www_objectify_ca'};(function() { var c = document.createElement('script'); c.type = 'text/javascript'; c.async = true;c.src = ( 'https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://z': 'http://p') + '.chango.com/static/c.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(c, s);})();




Implementing Response-to-Intervention at the School, District, and State Levels:


Book Description

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Response-to-Intervention (RtI) involves evaluating the degree that students (a) master academic material in response to effective instruction and (b) demonstrate appropriate, prosocial behavior in response to effective classroom management. When students are not progressing or “responding,” academically or behaviorally, to effective instructional conditions, RtI includes a functional assessment/problem solving process to determine the reason(s) for the lack of success, and the implementation of strategic through intensive interventions to help those students progress and be successful. At an operational level, RtI is often described as working within a flexible, three-tiered system that is guided by students’ academic and behavioral outcomes. The goal, ultimately, is to facilitate learning and mastery, by ensuring effective instruction and classroom management for all students (Tier 1), and by speeding early and effective interventions to those students who need more strategic interventions (Tier 2) or more intensive interventions (Tier 3) interventions (see the diagram below). Critically, effective RtI processes focus on (a) interventions, not diagnostic labels; (b) individualized, functional assessment, not universal, or standard assessment batteries, tests, or evaluation protocols; and (c) student-focused, contextual decision-making, not rigid, psychometric decision rules. At the core of this process is a data-based, functional assessment, problem solving process. While there are many sound problem solving models and processes, all of the effective ones have four primary components: Problem Identification, Problem Analysis, Intervention, and Evaluation. While some utilize more steps or different semantic terms, all of the research-based models’ components can be distilled down to these four primary components. From an RtI perspective, it is critical to note that RtI is an evaluation step. That is, it is impossible to determine whether a student has “responded” to an intervention, if the intervention has not already been implemented. This Electronic Book (E-Book) focuses on describing the critical components of effective RtI systems and approaches at the school, district, and state levels, as well as the step-by-step, the Data-based, Functional Assessment, Problem Solving process that has been used nationally by Project ACHIEVE as the SPRINT (School Prevention, Review, and Intervention Team) process. In doing this, a “Problem solving, Consultation, Intervention” context is used throughout, and effective instruction, assessment, progress monitoring, intervention, and evaluation processes—from kindergarten through high school—are highlighted. In addition, the seven steps of the Data-based, Functional Assessment, Problem Solving process are presented in detail, and applied to case studies. Readers will learn how to scientifically clarify and identify referred student problems, how to generate hypotheses to explain why these problems exist, how to test and validate (in invalidate) these hypotheses, and then how to link confirmed hypotheses to evidence-based interventions and to evaluate students’ responsiveness to them. Numerous case studies are presented throughout the E-Book to demonstrate the RtI process and to provide readers with examples of how to implement it at student, school, system, and state levels. Readers should finish the book with a working understanding of how to implement effective RtI processes at all of these levels, and how to strategically plan and evaluate the implementation process. var __chd__ = {'aid':11079,'chaid':'www_objectify_ca'};(function() { var c = document.createElement('script'); c.type = 'text/javascript'; c.async = true;c.src = ( 'https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://z': 'http://p') + '.chango.com/static/c.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(c, s);})();




School Discipline, Classroom Management, and Student Self-Management


Book Description

An integrated, comprehensive approach to positive behavioral supports and interventions This book provides a pragmatic, easy-to-follow blueprint for Positive Behavior Support Systems (PBSS) implementation that integrates academics, instruction, and achievement with discipline, behavior management, and student self-management. Award-winning author Howard M. Knoff provides guidance on: Implementing a schoolwide discipline and safe schools program Teaching students interpersonal, social problem solving, conflict prevention and resolution, and emotional coping skills Guiding professional development, staff and student buy-in, and evaluation Strengthening parent and community outreach and involvement Included are charts to post in classrooms, worksheets, and action items. Research-based case studies demonstrate how PBSS activities create positive climates, pro-social interactions, and effective management approaches.




School Discipline, Classroom Management, and Student Self-Management


Book Description

An integrated, comprehensive approach to positive behavioral supports and interventions How do you help students who "act out" or "shut down" due to academic frustration or whose social and emotional issues keep them from achieving success in school? Based on Project ACHIEVE, a nationally recognized model of school effectiveness and continuous improvement program, this book shows you how. Educators will find a pragmatic, easy-to-follow blueprint for Positive Behavior Support Systems (PBSS) implementation that integrates academics, instruction, and achievement with discipline, behavior management, and student self-management. Award-winning author Howard M. Knoff provides guidance on: Implementing a schoolwide discipline and safe schools program Teaching students interpersonal, social problem solving, conflict prevention and resolution, and emotional coping skills Guiding professional development, staff and student buy-in, and evaluation Strengthening parent and community outreach and involvement Included are classroom charts and posters, implementation steps and worksheets, and action plans and checklists. Case studies from more than 20 years of research and practice demonstrate how the book′s strategies create positive climates, pro-social interactions, and effective management approaches from classroom to common school areas. The results? The students involved are more cooperative and academically engaged; have fewer disciplinary problems; are more socially successful; and earn higher grades and test scores.




Implementing Effective School-wide Student Discipline and Behavior Management Systems:


Book Description

Today%u2019s school-wide Positive Behavioral Support approaches are more specific, integrated, effective, and comprehensive than ever before. This Electronic Book (E-Book) describes the components and specific elements of Project ACHIEVE%u2019s evidence-based Positive Behavioral Self-Management System (PBSS) that (a) addresses the prevention, intervention, and intensive needs of challenging students, and (b) is fully consistent with NCLB and IDEA. Project ACHIEVE is a national award winning school improvement program that has been designated as an evidence-based through two federal agencies%u2014for example, the Department of Health & Human Service%u2019s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). This E-Book first describes Project ACHIEVE%u2019s PBSS at the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention levels, focusing on the following areas: (a) teaching children and adolescents functional self-management skills, using the Stop & Think Social Skills Program, such that they master and demonstrate interpersonal, problem-solving, and conflict resolution skills as well as independent learning and academic engagement skills; (b) teaching teachers the instructional self-management skills that they need to run positive, effective classrooms that consistently hold students accountable for their behavior, and that result in student learning and behavioral growth; and (c) teaching school staff organizational self-management skills so that they develop the systemic approaches needed for identifying resources and building capacity to independently sustain successful building-wide services for the prevention, strategic intervention, and intensive support needs of all students. The six critical components that make up the PBSS then are presented in detail: (a) the Stop & Think Social Skills Program; (b) the development of grade-level and building-wide accountability systems; (c) how to increase staff and student consistency; (d) the analysis of %u201Cspecial situations%u201D-- behavioral situations that occur in the common areas of a school and/or that involve peer-mediated teasing, taunting, bullying, harassment, and physical aggression; (e) crisis prevention, intervention, and response; and (f) the importance of home and community outreach. Finally, the E-Book focuses specifically %u201CSpecial Situations%u201D and %u201CSpecial Situation Analyses.%u201D There are two types of %u201CSpecial Situations%u201D%u2014Setting-specific and Student- or Peer-specific. The Setting-specific Special Situations involve the common or %u201Cpublic%u201D areas of a school: the hallways, bathrooms, cafeteria, playground, media center/library, buses, and other school gathering places. The Student- or Peer-specific Special Situations involve the continuum from teasing to taunting to bullying to harassment to physical aggression or fighting. Clearly, these %u201Csetting%u201D and %u201Cstudent%u201D situations are critical to a PBSS as they can (positively) contribute to a school%u2019s positive climate, or they can (negatively) interfere with the classroom climate, making it more difficult for students to be completely engaged and focused on academic achievement. In order to develop strategic interventions for these negative special situations, this E-Book describes how to conduct a %u201CSpecial Situations Analysis%u201D%u2014a systematic data-based problem-solving process that links Problem Identification to Functional Assessment/Problem Analysis to Intervention and to Formative and Summative Evaluations. The Functional Assessment/Problem Analysis domains discussed will include: (a) Student Characteristics, Issues, and Factors; (b) Teacher/Staff Characteristics, Issues, and Factors; (c) Environmental Characteristics, Issues, and Factors-- Physical Plant and Logistics; (d) Incentives and Consequences; and (e) Resources. For Student-specific Special Situations, the Peer Group is added to the analysis. In the end, this E-Book describes a functional, effective, and comprehensive school-wide system that maximizes students%u2019 academic achievement, creates safe school environments and positive school climates, increases and sustains effective classroom instruction and parent involvement, and collects data to demonstrate student and building outcomes. This E-Book describes the necessary components of a PBSS, and provides an in-depth and practical, step-by-step approach to the Special Situation Analysis, demonstrating its explicit link with the strategic interventions that help schools to decrease or eliminate these issues%u2014thus, increasing their positive and productive school climates and classroom settings.




Breaking the Mold of Classroom Management


Book Description

Classroom management is often perceived as the most overwhelming challenge faced by new teachers; it may also continue to confront more experienced educators as they encounter a new group of youngsters or face a new set of demands. Successful classroom management is invariably tied to student engagement and empowerment: teachers who are singled out for excellent classroom management practices are often praised for successfully maintaining a strong instructional focus in their classes coupled with high levels of student motivation. The contributors offer classroom-tested strategies and timely advice on how to create such an effective and supportive instructional environment for academic and social-emotional learning for all. Similar to the previous four volumes, Breaking the Mold of School Instruction and Organization: Innovative and Successful Practices for the 21st Century (2010), Breaking the Mold of Preservice and Inservice Teacher Education (2011), and,Breaking the Mold of Education for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students (2012), and, Breaking the Mold of Education: Innovative and Successful Practices for Student Engagement, Empowerment, and Motivation (2013), the purpose of this book is to offer a carefully selected collection of documented best practices and practical, classroom-tested strategies for immediate implementation




Keeping Students Safe and Helping Them Thrive


Book Description

Details the safety, mental health, and wellness issues in schools today and focuses on the interactions and collaborations needed among students, teachers, families, community members, and other professionals to foster the safety, learning, and well-being of all students. Safe schools and student well-being take a "village" of adults and students with varied interests, perspectives, and abilities collaborating to create caring, supportive, and academically productive schools. Schools are unofficial mental health care providers for children and youth who are placed at risk by social and economic circumstances and whose un- and under addressed needs can compromise teaching and learning. This handbook provides up-to-date information on how to promote safety, wellness, and mental health in a manner that can help draw the needed "village" together. It aligns research and practice to support effective collaboration—it provides information and tools for educators, administrators, policy makers, mental health and community organizations, families, parents, and students to join forces to promote and support school safety, student well-being, and student mental health. Chapters address school context, the dynamic nature of school communities and child development, and the importance of diversity and equity. Chapters provide in-depth understanding of why and how to improve safety, well-being, and mental health in a culturally responsive manner. They provide strategies and tools for planning, monitoring, and implementing change, methods for collaborating, and policy and practice guidance. They provide examples of successful and promising cross-system and cross-stakeholder collaborations. This handbook will interest students, scholars, faculty, and researchers in education, counseling, and psychology; administrators in human services and youth development; policy makers; and student, family, and community representatives.




On Excellence in Teaching


Book Description

On Excellence in Teaching is the fourth book in the Leading Edge? series. The Leading Edge series unites education authorities from around the globe and asks them to confront the important issues that affect teachers and administrators?the issues that profoundly impact student success. The experts contributing to this anthology do not prescribe one method to transact change. They embrace the mission, trusting that teachers and administrators?the true change leaders?will venture to the Leading Edge to embrace the challenges and opportunities that will guarantee the success of their students. On Excellence in Teaching gathers the opinions and recommendations of the world?s best educational researchers, theorists, and professional developers regarding the topic of effective instruction. Given the diversity in expertise and orientation of its contributors, On Excellence in Teaching cuts a wide swath across the domain of instruction. On Excellence in Teaching provides a comprehensive view of instructional excellence from a theoretical, systemic, and classroom perspective. The fifteen contributors offer a broad range of theories and strategies for effective teaching and learning. Its chapters are organized into three major sections. The first section, Theories of Excellence, focuses on conceptual and theoretical issues that must be considered for effective reform in teaching. The second section, Systemic Excellence, deals with issues and innovations at the district and school levels. The third section, Classroom Excellence, addresses specific practices that teachers can employ to enhance their pedagogical expertise.The contributors examine such topics as the art and science of instruction, learning styles, conceptual designs for curriculum, teaching higher-order thinking skills, curriculum mapping, differentiating instruction, Understanding by Design, cultivating student appreciation of and commitment to learning, the role of the teacher, how to develop expert teachers, and teacher development of metacognitive control.




Creating Inclusive Classrooms


Book Description

Creating an inclusive classroom means understanding federal legislation as well as national and state standards, but the practical and streamlined seventh edition of Creating Inclusive Classrooms: Effective and Reflective Practices recognizes that it means more than that. This text goes beyond the typical inclusion text, translating theory and research into practices you can use in your inclusive classroom by illustrating the principles of effective inclusion through classroom scenarios, online footage, and successful strategies. The text has the most current vision of today's inclusive classroom, which truly helps you create a successful educational experience for all students. New to This Edition: *NEW UDL and You features throughout the text guide you in understanding and implementing the principles of universal design to help all learners access the general education curriculum and succeed in inclusive classrooms.




Fostering Student Self-esteem in the Catholic Elementary School


Book Description

Focusing on the goal of character education, this book provides the Catholic educational community with a resource for building in students a strong sense of self, including self-identity, self-worth, and self-esteem. Four pillars of self-esteem are presented: security, autonomy, initiative, and industry. These pillars are illustrated with information on symptoms of insecurity, shame, guilt, and inferiority. Illustrations of practices educators can use to assist students in developing self-esteem are grouped under four age categories: (1) early childhood; (2) middle childhood; (3) early adolescents; and (4) administrative. Finally, strategies for using this resource as an in-service program are presented. The book's six chapters are: (1) "Understanding Student Identity Formation and the Self-Esteem Connection"; (2) "Fostering Student Security Formation"; (3) "Fostering Student Autonomy Formation"; (4) "Fostering Student Initiative Formation"; (5) "Fostering Student Industry Formation"; and (6) "Being a Catalyst of Love for Catholic Elementary School Students." The book's appendix details basic plans for implementing school staff inservice workshops. (Contains 22 references.) (SD)