How Much Do Online Consumers Really Value Free Product Returns? Evidence from EBay


Book Description

Consumer return rates have been steadily rising in recent years, resulting in growing costs for retailers who must manage the returns process and the disposition of returned products. This cost pressure is driven in part by extremely generous return policies, such as giving consumers a full refund upon return. Interestingly, this common retail practice of full refunds is inconsistent with the recommendations of many analytical models of returns, which nearly always show that a partial refund is optimal. Such inconsistencies between theory and practice might arise when the decision drivers included in the analytical models do not match the decision drivers in practice. It might also be the case that retailers are overly optimistic about the value that consumers assign to a full refund, and thus assume that the value of such a policy outweighs its costs. In this paper, we use data collected from eBay, where identical products are sold with different return policies, to investigate these open questions in the literature. We analyze both the return policy drivers from the retailer's perspective and the return policy value from the consumer's perspective. Our results suggest that the value of a full refund policy to consumers may not be as large as one might expect, and it also exhibits a large heterogeneity across buyers with different levels of online purchase experience. In addition, we provide empirical evidence for what has long been suspected by online retailers -- that a non-refundable forward shipping charge quickly erodes any value that consumers assign to return policies. An inherent limitation of our study is that eBay's environment is signi ficantly different from traditional retail contexts, and eBay buyers may not necessarily belong to the same group that represents the general population of buyers. Nevertheless, our work provides a starting point that can motivate future studies to explore the value of return policies in retail.




Cases on Supply Chain Management and Lessons Learned From COVID-19


Book Description

In recent years, due to the increasingly aggressive market competition, it is essential to evaluate the role of logistics and supply chain management skills and applications for the success of any organization or business. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the fragility of the sustainability of economic organization, production, and supply chains globally. Cases on Supply Chain Management and Lessons Learned From COVID-19 collects compelling case studies, theoretical and empirical research, experiences, and applications on numerous aspects of logistics and supply chain management. It not only focuses on industry and digital transformation and the critical nature of organizational agility, but also presents different methods, techniques, models, and competitive advantage prospects, providing an extremely relevant and current view of the subject matter. Covering topics such as green supply chain management, organizational performance, and supply chain disruptions, this book is the ideal reference source for managers, supply chain specialists, entrepreneurs, business professionals, consultants, researchers, academicians, educators, and students.




The Impact of Online Product Reviews on Product Returns


Book Description

Although many researchers in Information Systems and Marketing have studied the effect of product reviews on sales, few have looked at their effect on product returns. We hypothesize that, by reducing product uncertainty, product reviews affect the probability of product returns. We elaborate this hypothesis starting with an analytical model that examines how changes in valence and precision of information from product reviews influence the purchase and return probabilities of risk-averse, but rational, consumers. We then empirically test our hypotheses using a transaction level dataset from a multi-channel, multi-brand North American specialty retailer. Harnessing different consumers' purchases and returns of the same products, but with varying sets of product reviews over two years, we show that the availability of more reviews and the presence of more 'helpful' reviews, as voted by consumers, lead to fewer product returns -- after controlling for customer, product and other context-related factors. Analyzing the purchase behavior of the consumers, we find that when fewer product reviews are available, consumers buy more substitutes in conjunction with a product, potentially to mitigate their uncertainty. Purchase of substitutes, in turn, leads to more product returns. Finally, leveraging a discontinuity in the displayed average ratings, we find that when products are shown with an average rating that is higher than the true rating they are returned more often. These results support the predictions of our theoretical model -- unbiased online reviews indeed help consumers make better purchase decisions leading to lower product returns; biasing reviews upwards results in more returns. The presence of online reviews has important cost implications for the firm beyond the cost of reprocessing the returns; we observe that when consumers return products they are more likely to write online reviews and these reviews are more negative than reviews that follow a non-returned purchase.




Customer-Centricity in Organized Retailing


Book Description

This book provides a compendium of cutting-edge knowledge for an efficacious retailing strategy, with lessons from the organized retailing sector in India. It explores customer needs and their impact on developing successful retailing strategies and organized retailing in emerging economies with changing consumer behavior. It discusses the importance of developing appropriate retailing strategies in the context of an emerging economy, being agile and forward-thinking to implement a customer-centric approach across the retail value chain's upstream and downstream actions, and the requirement of clarity on the exact tools and techniques that will allow the retailers to move from their present product-centric state to the looked-for customer-centric state. This book aids the practitioners in developing and adopting a culture of customer-centricity and focuses on various retail strategy concepts and their implementation. It aims to present the multifaceted and multifarious questions of retail marketing in two studies, where each study provides a comprehensive solution.







A Study of the Impact of the Development of Return Policies on Consumer Purchases in Cross-border E-commerce


Book Description

Cross-border e-commerce shopping is becoming quite common, and people are gradually accepting the trend of shifting from offline to online shopping. Most cross-border e-commerce firms have abandoned the previous profit-centrist value chain in favor of a more customercentrist orientation. Many e-commerce firms are actively establishing lenient return policies to improve their consumers' shopping experiences and match their expectations. The development of return policies helps in the expansion of online shopping while ensuring consumers' legitimate rights. Unlike traditional shopping methods, online transactions are characterized by asymmetric information between two parties. It is usual for consumers to be suspicious of unknown online shopping sites. Returns for online purchases can occur for various reasons, including quality issues. For example, even if the product's quality is acceptable, returns could happen if the consumer's perception of the product's value after purchase differs from the evaluation of the product before purchase. Retailers hope that lenient return policies will reduce consumer complaints while showing confidence in their products. Consumers often perceive a lenient returns policy as a signal. Consumers will predict the goods based on the signaling that the higher the quality of the product, the less likely it is to be returned. Retailers can thus encourage return behaviour even if they know their customers are happy with their products and do not wish to return them. On the other hand, consumers perceive a strict return policy as a signal of high risk and lack of credibility. From the retailer's perspective, a lenient policy can also lead to unethical returns by consumers, increasing the rate of returns and the cost of secondary sales. Therefore, return policies remain a hot topic in studying consumer-retailer relationships. This study is based on a literature review of previous research on return policies, with SHEIN serving as a case study. Moreover, the model in this study would use signalizing theory and SOR theory, with perceived fairness as the mediating variable and customer participation as the moderating variable, to determine the impact of a lenient return policy on consumer purchase intention. The questionnaire was then created using online questionnaire software- Wenjuanxin, and respondents completed it online via a QR code link to collect questionnaire data. The 500 collected questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS23.0 and AMOS23.0 for demographic analysis, reliability and validity analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and SEM structural equation modeling to make conclusions. The results show that lenient return policies in the cross-border e-commerce retail industry positively influence perceived fairness. Perceived fairness has a significant positive impact on consumers' purchase intentions. Perceived fairness mediates significantly and partially between lenient returns and consumers' purchase intentions, and information sharing and interpersonal interactions in customer participation moderate lenient return policies and perceived fairness. Finally, this study summarizes the results of the analysis. The findings suggest directions for SHEIN that can be improved, which will help the company in the future. In terms of future research directions, aspects of the returns policy are suggested that could be carried out in-depth in the future. Several shortcomings of this study were listed at the end.




Customer Engagement Marketing


Book Description

This book provides a synthesis of research perspectives on customer engagement through a collection of chapters from thought leaders. It identifies cutting-edge metrics for capturing and measuring customer engagement and highlights best practices in implementing customer engagement marketing strategies. Responding to the rapidly changing business landscape where consumers are more connected, accessible, and informed than ever before, many firms are investing in customer engagement marketing. The book will appeal to academics, practitioners, consultants, and managers looking to improve customer engagement.




Building Models for Marketing Decisions


Book Description

This book is about marketing models and the process of model building. Our primary focus is on models that can be used by managers to support marketing decisions. It has long been known that simple models usually outperform judgments in predicting outcomes in a wide variety of contexts. For example, models of judgments tend to provide better forecasts of the outcomes than the judgments themselves (because the model eliminates the noise in judgments). And since judgments never fully reflect the complexities of the many forces that influence outcomes, it is easy to see why models of actual outcomes should be very attractive to (marketing) decision makers. Thus, appropriately constructed models can provide insights about structural relations between marketing variables. Since models explicate the relations, both the process of model building and the model that ultimately results can improve the quality of marketing decisions. Managers often use rules of thumb for decisions. For example, a brand manager will have defined a specific set of alternative brands as the competitive set within a product category. Usually this set is based on perceived similarities in brand characteristics, advertising messages, etc. If a new marketing initiative occurs for one of the other brands, the brand manager will have a strong inclination to react. The reaction is partly based on the manager's desire to maintain some competitive parity in the mar keting variables.




Free returns in online fashion shopping


Book Description

With the growing popularity of online shopping, increasing product returns started to be a critical topic as they create problems for retailers, such as extra costs and consumer abuse. Especially in the online fashion industry, return rates are expected to be even higher due to the difficulties about making accurate assessments about products without trying them on. Furthermore, looking from a societal point of view, more returns create more air and traffic pollution due to the increasing number of trucks in the traffic, and accordingly contribute to environmental pollution. Although this has been a very up-to-date topic in the recent years, there is not much done in the literature about it, especially when it comes to online fashion shopping. This paper aims to fill this gap by investigating the associations between consumers return behavior, buying patterns, and environmental attitudes. In this study, the online fashion retailer Zalando was chosen as a case, and an online survey was conducted among Zalando customers in order to measure their attitudes and behaviors about the issue. The results demonstrate that on average, consumers have a high return/order ratio, and most of them order more than one product to try them on at home. Also it was shown that there is a correlation between return frequency, order frequency, buying impulsiveness, and environmental attitudes.*****With the growing popularity of online shopping, increasing product returns started to be a critical topic as they create problems for retailers, such as extra costs and consumer abuse. Especially in the online fashion industry, return rates are expected to be even higher due to the difficulties about making accurate assessments about products without trying them on. Furthermore, looking from a societal point of view, more returns create more air and traffic pollution due to the increasing number of trucks in the traffic, and accordingly contribute to environmental pollution. Although this has been a very up-to-date topic in the recent years, there is not much done in the literature about it, especially when it comes to online fashion shopping. This paper aims to fill this gap by investigating the associations between consumers return behavior, buying patterns, and environmental attitudes. In this study, the online fashion retailer Zalando was chosen as a case, and an online survey was conducted among Zalando customers in order to measure their attitudes and behaviors about the issue. The results demonstrate that on average, consumers have a high return/order ratio, and most of them order more than one product to try them on at home. Also it was shown that there is a correlation between return frequency, order frequency, buying impulsiveness, and environmental attitudes.




Product Returns and Price Discrimination in the Online Retail Market


Book Description

Online retailers can adopt generous return policies to entice customers to buy and try new products. In this paper we show how an online retailer can utilize product returns to segment customers based on their individual valuations of a product, and therefore to engage in profitable third-degree price discrimination for future sales. We derive the optimal dynamic pricing strategy, including a potential fee for product returns (restocking fee), which balances the benefits from effective customer segmentation and the costs associated with product returns. Strategic customers, who understand that their return decisions affect future prices, may choose to return the product even when their valuations exceed the initial price. To curb strategic returns, which compromise the effective segmentation of customers and therefore the profitability of future price discrimination, it is optimal for the retailer to reduce the initial price of the product and charge a higher fee for returns. We also derive conditions so that a retailer overcharges customers for product returns (i.e., the return fee exceeds the actual cost of a return). This allows the retailer to extract surplus from customers who have low product valuations and return the product, and is therefore a form of third-degree price discrimination.