Hydrocarbon Seepage


Book Description

"With the increased resolution power of many geophysical methods, we are seeing direct evidence of seeps on a wide variety of data, including conventional seismic. New methods and technology have also evolved to better measure and detect seeps and their artifacts and reservoir charge and to map migration and remigration routes. In addition, detection of seepage is important for minimizing the risks associated with shallow gas drilling hazards, ensuring platform stability, and preventing well blow-outs. This volume is organized into three sections, each with a different focus. The first section, "Descriptions and Observations of Seeps", includes field studies, observations of seep environments, migration systems, and use of modern sampling techniques. The second section, "Science of Seepage -- Methodology", discusses new techniques including DNA sampling, use of biomarkers, Neural Network analysis, and remote multispectral analysis. The final section, "Implications of Seeps", shows how seeps may be used to reduce prospect risk and assess risk elements such as trap seal and fault leakage. This volume is intended to be a reference for understanding seep occurrences and demonstrating the development and use of new technologies to image them with a focus on exploration and field development applications. It will be a valuable reference to geologists, geophysicists, and petroleum engineers everywhere"--Provided by publisher.




Handbook of Industrial Hydrocarbon Processes


Book Description

Written by an author with over 38 years of experience in the chemical and petrochemical process industry, this handbook will present an analysis of the process steps used to produce industrial hydrocarbons from various raw materials. It is the first book to offer a thorough analysis of external factors effecting production such as: cost, availability and environmental legislation. An A-Z list of raw materials and their properties are presented along with a commentary regarding their cost and availability. Specific processing operations described in the book include: distillation, thermal cracking and coking, catalytic methods, hydroprocesses, thermal and catalytic reforming, isomerization, alkylation processes, polymerization processes, solvent processes, water removal, fractionation and acid gas removal. - Flow diagrams and descriptions of more than 250 leading-edge process technologies - An analysis of chemical reactions and process steps that are required to produce chemicals from various raw materials - Properties, availability and environmental impact of various raw materials used in hydrocarbon processing




Insect Hydrocarbons


Book Description

A unique and critical analysis of the wealth of research conducted on the biology, biochemistry and chemical ecology of the rapidly growing field of insect cuticular hydrocarbons. Authored by leading experts in their respective fields, the twenty chapters show the complexity that has been discovered in the nature and role of hydrocarbons in entomology. Covers, in great depth, aspects of chemistry (structures, qualitative and quantitative analysis), biochemistry (biosynthesis, molecular biology, genetics, evolution), physiology, taxonomy, and ecology. Clearly presents to the reader the array of data, ideas, insights and historical disagreements that have been accumulated during the past half century. An emphasis is placed on the role of insect hydrocarbons in chemical communication, especially among the social insects. Includes the first review on the chemical synthesis of insect hydrocarbons. The material presented is a major resource for current researchers and a source of ideas for new researchers.




Advances in Clean Hydrocarbon Fuel Processing


Book Description

Conventional coal, oil and gas resources used worldwide for power production and transportation are limited and unsustainable. Research and development into clean, alternative hydrocarbon fuels is therefore aimed at improving fuel security through exploring new feedstock conversion techniques, improving production efficiency and reducing environmental impacts.Advances in clean hydrocarbon fuel processing provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the range of alternative conversion processes and technologies.Following introductory overviews of the feedstocks, environmental issues and life cycle assessment for alternative hydrocarbon fuel processing, sections go on to review solid, liquid and gaseous fuel conversion. Solid fuel coverage includes reviews of liquefaction, gasification, pyrolysis and biomass catalysis. Liquid fuel coverage includes reviews of sulfur removal, partial oxidation and hydroconversion. Gaseous fuel coverage includes reviews of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, methanol and dimethyl ether production, water-gas shift technology and natural gas hydrate conversion. The final section examines environmental degradation issues in fuel processing plants as well as automation, advanced process control and process modelling techniques for plant optimisationWritten by an international team of expert contributors, Advances in clean hydrocarbon fuel processing provides a valuable reference for fuel processing engineers, industrial petrochemists and energy professionals, as well as for researchers and academics in this field. - A comprehensive reference on the range of alternative conversion processes and technologies - Provides an overview of the feedstocks, environmental issues and life cycle assessments for alternative hydrocarbon fuel processing, including a review of the key issues in solid, liquid and gaseous fuel conversion - Examines automation, advanced process control and process modelling techniques for plant optimisation




Hydrocarbon Nation


Book Description

Hydrocarbon Nation provides reasons to believe that we can succeed in expanding on the benefits of the Hydrocarbon Age in order to build a sustainable future.




Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Combustion


Book Description

The scientific and economic importance of the high-temperature reactions of hydrocarbons in both the presence and absence of oxygen cannot be overemphasized. A vast chemical industry exists based on feedstocks produced by the controlled pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, while uncontrolled combustion in air is still among the most important sources of heat and mechanical energy. The detonation and explosion of hydrocarbon-oxidant mixtures can however, be a highly dangerous phenomenon which destroys lives and equipment. In order that control can be exerted over combustion processes, a complete description of hydrocarbon oxidation and pyrolysis is required. A major contribution to this is an understanding of the unstable intermediates involved and their reactions. The aim of this book is to review our knowledge of the chemistry of hydrocarbon combustion and to consider the data which are available for relevant reactions. Chapter 1 describes early studies in which the apparent complexity of the chemistry was established and the type of information required for a better understanding was defined. Experimental studies of the overall process which were carried out with the aim of establishing the sequence of stable chemical intermediates and some of the unstable species are described in Chapter 2. The limited nature of the information thus obtained showed that independent studies of individual reactions involving the unstable species were required. In Chapter 3 investigations specifically aimed at the determination of the kinetics of elementary reactions are discussed.




Materials Selection for Hydrocarbon and Chemical Plants


Book Description

Describes the systematic procedure for using process and mechanical design information to select construction materials suitable for a range of chemical and hydrocarbon processing plants. The volume features tables for locating the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) product form specifications for construction materials that have code-allowable design stresses. It analyzes threshold values for degradation phenomena involving thermal damage.




The Chemistry of Catalytic Hydrocarbon Conversions


Book Description

The Chemistry of Catalytic Hydrocarbon Conversions covers the various chemical aspects of catalytic conversions of hydrocarbons. This book is composed of eight chapters that include catalytic synthesis of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methanol. The opening chapters examine various acid- and base-catalyzed reactions, such as isomerization, polymerization, oligomerization, alkylation, catalytic cracking, reforming, hydrocracking, and hydrogenation. The subsequent chapters are devoted to specific catalytic reactions, including heterogeneous hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, aromatization, and oxidation. Other chapters describe the homogeneous catalysis by transition metal organometallic catalysts and the metathesis of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The concluding chapter deals with the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbon fuels from carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methanol, and dimethyl ether. This book is of great benefit to petroleum chemists, engineers, and researchers.




Hydrocarbon Biorefinery


Book Description

Sustainable production of hydrocarbon biofuels from biomass, fuels that are fully compatible with existing internal combustion engines, will allow the global transport economy to transition to a sustainable energy source without the need for capital-intensive new infrastructures. Hydrocarbon Biorefinery: Sustainable Processing of Biomass for Hydrocarbon Biofuels presents a comprehensive and easy to understand consolidation of existing knowledge for the production of hydrocarbon biofuels from biomass. Three major areas for the conversion of biomass to hydrocarbon biofuels are addressed: i) Chemical and thermochemical conversion processes, ii) Biological and biochemical conversion processes, and iii) Conversion processes of biomass-derived compounds. Additionally, the book includes process design, life cycle analysis of various processes, reaction engineering, catalysts, process conditions and process concepts, and is supported with detailed case studies. The economic viability of each process is specifically addressed to provide a clear guide for the economic development of future hydrocarbon biofuels. Hydrocarbon Biorefinery: Sustainable Processing of Biomass for Hydrocarbon Biofuels offers an all-in-one resource for researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals working in the area of bioenergy and will be of interest to energy engineers, chemical engineers, bioengineers, chemists, agricultural researchers, and mechanical engineers. Furthermore, this book provides structured foundational content on biorefineries for undergraduate and graduate students. - Presents fundamental concepts and processes of hydrocarbon biofuel production, covering chemical, biological, and biomass-derived conversion processes - Synthesizes the state-of-the-art research and commercial initiatives of this emerging concept into stand-alone chapters, serving as a structured resource for researchers and practitioners - Emphasizes the process design and economic feasibility of each process using life cycle assessments to support commercial development




Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production


Book Description

This book on hydrocarbon exploration and production is the first volume in the series Developments in Petroleum Science. The chapters are: The Field Life Cycle, Exploration, Drilling Engineering, Safety and The Environment, Reservoir Description, Volumetric Estimation, Field Appraisal, Reservoir Dynamic Behaviour, Well Dynamic Behaviour, Surface Facilities, Production Operations and Maintenance, Project and Contract Management, Petroleum Economics, Managing the Producing Field, and Decommissioning.