Immobilized Affinity Ligand Techniques


Book Description

This book is a practical guide to the preparation and use of immobilized affinity ligands for purification, catalysis, and analysis. Special emphasis is given to immunochemical techniques including antibody isolation, preparation of antibody fragments using immobilized enzymes, and immunoaffinity chromatography. The book provides easy-to-follow, well-tested protocols to allow the uninitiated to use these techniques to the maximum advantage with minimum hassle. In addition, it shows researchers how to save money by making their own optimized affinity supports. Matrix activation: Ligand immobilization, Binding and elution of target molecules, Enzyme catalysis on solid supports, Analytical affinity chromatography, Isolation/purification of antibodies, Preparation of antibody fragments, Immunoaffinity chromatography, Immobilization of nucleic acids, Use of immobilized ligands for removal of trace contaminants Practical advice on choosing: Matrices, Spacers, Methods of activation and coupling Background information and insights on: Affinity interactions, The ease and power of affinity chromatography, Attaching molecules to insoluble supports, Matrices currently in use, Over 20 methods of activation, Spacers, Extensive References




Bioanalytical Chemistry


Book Description

A timely, accessible survey of the multidisciplinary field of bioanalytical chemistry Provides an all in one approach for both beginners and experts, from a broad range of backgrounds, covering introductions, theory, advanced concepts and diverse applications for each method Each chapter progresses from basic concepts to applications involving real samples Includes three new chapters on Biomimetic Materials, Lab-on-Chip, and Analytical Methods Contains end-of-chapter problems and an appendix with selected answers




Membrane Processes in Biotechnology and Pharmaceutics


Book Description

Membrane processes are increasingly used in pharmaceutical and biochemical engineering and biotechnology for concentration and purification, synthesis of molecules and drug delivery systems, and support for biochemical reactions. This book provides a state-of-the art overview of the classical membrane processes used in pharmaceutical and biochemical engineering and biotechnology, such as ultrafiltration, microfiltration, virus filtration, membrane chromatography, membrane emulsification, liquid membranes and membrane bioreactors. It describes the general rules (principles, choice of configurations, membranes, parameters, etc.), recent developments (fouling control, increase permeate flux and selectivity, etc.), applications, and theoretical descriptions. Further, it presents emerging processes such as solvent resistant nanofiltration and membrane crystallization. - Presents classical membrane processes such as ultrafiltration, microfiltration, virus filtration, membrane chromatography, membrane emulsification, liquid membranes and membrane bioreactors - Presents emerging processes such as solvent resistant nanofiltration and membrane crystallization - Gives a complete description of each technique (principles, membrane materials and devices, fouling control, and theoretical description) - Contains numerous examples of applications - Includes a uniform notation throughout the book enhancing the presentation and understanding of the content - Includes extensive list of references




Bioconjugate Techniques


Book Description

Bioconjugate Techniques, 2nd Edition, is the essential guide to the modification and cross linking of biomolecules for use in research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. It provides highly detailed information on the chemistry, reagent systems, and practical applications for creating labeled or conjugate molecules. It also describes dozens of reactions with details on hundreds of commercially available reagents and the use of these reagents for modifying or cross linking peptides and proteins, sugars and polysaccharides, nucleic acids and oligonucleotides, lipids, and synthetic polymers. A one-stop source for proven methods and protocols for synthesizing bioconjugates in the lab Step-by-step presentation makes the book an ideal source for researchers who are less familiar with the synthesis of bioconjugates More than 600 figures that visually describe the complex reactions associated with the synthesis of bioconjugates Includes entirely new chapters on the latest areas in the field of bioconjugation as follows: Microparticles and nanoparticlesSilane coupling agentsDendrimers and dendronsChemoselective ligationQuantum dotsLanthanide chelatesCyanine dyesDiscrete PEG compoundsBuckyballs,fullerenes, and carbon nanotubesMass tags and isotope tagsBioconjugation in the study of protein interactions




Affinity Chromatography


Book Description

Affinity chromatography, with its exquisite specificity, is based upon molecular recognition. It is a powerful tool for the purification of biomolecules. In recent years, numerous new applications and modified techniques have been derived from gro- specific interactions and biological recognition principles. An up-to-date review of the past, current, and future applications of affinity chromatography has been presented in the introductory chapter by Meir Wilchek and Irwin Chaiken. Though many of these new applications and techniques are well documented in the literature, it is often difficult to find methods that are written with the intent of helping new practitioners of affinity chromatography. This volume on Affinity Chromatography: Methods and Protocols is intended for the novice, as well as for - perts in the field. The protocols are written by experts who have developed and/or successfully employed these methods in their laboratories. Each chapter describes a specific technique, and since the book is intended to help the beginner, each technique is described simply and clearly, making sure that all relevant steps are included, assuming no previous knowledge. Each chapter contains an introduction describing the principles involved, followed by a Materials and Methods section, which lays the groundwork for the reader to conduct experiments step-by-step, in an orderly fashion. The following Notes section, which describes many of the problems that can occur, makes suggestions for overcoming them, and provides alternate procedures. These are precisely the sort of important, practical details that never seem to appear in the published literature.




Affinity Membranes


Book Description

Explores the latest findings for both selective and efficient separation devices in the field of kidney research. It is divided into three major sections. Part one deals with the ``biochemistry'' part of the problem, including how to identify ligands of interest, how to link them to synthetic membranes, and some kinetic limitations of frontal elution chromatography. The second part comprehensively discusses the various substrata used in affinity separations and the formation processes of semi-permeable membranes. The final section explores the filtration processes using membranes and the kinetics of separations based on affinity membranes.




Handbook of Downstream Processing


Book Description

The last two decades have seen a phenomenal growth of the field of genetic or biochemical engineering and have witnessed the development and ultimately marketing of a variety of products-typically through the manipulation and growth of different types of microorganisms, followed by the recovery and purification of the associated products. The engineers and biotechnologists who are involved in the full-scale process design of such facilities must be familiar with the variety of unit operations and equipment and the applicable regulatory requirements. This book describes current commercial practice and will be useful to those engineers working in this field in the design, construction and operation of pharmaceutical and biotechnology plants. It will be of help to the chemical or pharmaceutical engineer who is developing a plant design and who faces issues such as: Should the process be batch or continuous or a combination of batch and continuous? How should the optimum process design be developed? Should one employ a new revolutionary separation which could be potentially difficult to validate or use accepted technology which involves less risk? Should the process be run with ingredients formulated from water for injection, deionized water, or even filtered tap water? Should any of the separations be run in cold rooms or in glycol jacketed lines to minimize microbial growth where sterilization is not possible? Should the process equipment and lines be designed to be sterilized in-place, cleaned-in-place, or should every piece be broken down, cleaned and autoclaved after every turn?




Protein Purification Protocols


Book Description

The first edition of Protein Purification Protocols (1996), edited by Professor Shawn Doonan, rapidly became very successful. Professor Doonan achieved his aims of p- ducing a list of protocols that were invaluable to newcomers in protein purification and of significant benefit to established practitioners. Each chapter was written by an ex- rienced expert in the field. In the intervening time, a number of advances have w- ranted a second edition. However, in attempting to encompass the recent developments in several areas, the intention has been to expand on the original format, retaining the concepts that made the initial edition so successful. This is reflected in the structure of this second edition. I am indebted to Professor Doonan for his involvement in this new edition and the continuity that this brings. Each chapter that appeared in the original volume has been reviewed and updated to reflect advances and bring the topic into the 21st century. In many cases, this reflects new applications or new matrices available from vendors. Many of these have increased the performance and/or scope of the given method. Several new chapters have been introduced, including chapters on all the currently used protein fractionation and ch- matographic techniques. They introduce the theory and background for each method, providing lists of the equipment and reagents required for their successful execution, as well as a detailed description of how each is performed.




Applied Biophysics for Drug Discovery


Book Description

Applied Biophysics for Drug Discovery is a guide to new techniques and approaches to identifying and characterizing small molecules in early drug discovery. Biophysical methods are reasserting their utility in drug discovery and through a combination of the rise of fragment-based drug discovery and an increased focus on more nuanced characterisation of small molecule binding, these methods are playing an increasing role in discovery campaigns. This text emphasizes practical considerations for selecting and deploying core biophysical method, including but not limited to ITC, SPR, and both ligand-detected and protein-detected NMR. Topics covered include: • Design considerations in biophysical-based lead screening • Thermodynamic characterization of protein-compound interactions • Characterizing targets and screening reagents with HDX-MS • Microscale thermophoresis methods (MST) • Screening with Weak Affinity Chromatography • Methods to assess compound residence time • 1D-NMR methods for hit identification • Protein-based NMR methods for SAR development • Industry case studies integrating multiple biophysical methods This text is ideal for academic investigators and industry scientists planning hit characterization campaigns or designing and optimizing screening strategies.




Enzyme Technology


Book Description

This textbook provides a clear and authoritative guide to the principles and practice of the utilization of enzymes in biotechnology. Enzymes have increasingly important applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry, in medicine, and as biosensors.