Immunotoxin Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology


Book Description

Hands-on experts from laboratories around the world describe in step-by-step detail their cutting-edge methods for developing and applying these powerful proteins. The conjugates created by these researchers contain entire monoclonal antibodies, single chain antibody fragments, and cytokines as their carrier ligands. Their toxic portion can include such conventional chemotherapeutics as doxirubicin, such ribosome-inactivating proteins the ricin A chain or saporin, or such bacterial toxins as diphtheria toxin. Also described are a variety of applications that demonstrate the versatility of these agents, including the treatment of primary malignant brain tumors, the generation of selective brain lesions to localize critical functions, and the targeting of the AIDS virus. Authoritative and highly practical, Immunotoxin Methods and Protocols provides today's cancer researchers, neuroscientists, and oncologists with state-of-the-art tools for exploring these powerful biological agents and their rapidly increasing applications.




Immunotoxin Methods and Protocols


Book Description

Immunotoxins represent a new class of human therapeutics that have widespread applications and a potential that has not yet been fully recognized since they were first conceived of by Paul Ehrlich in 1906. The majority of advances in the development and implementation of immunotoxins has occurred over the last 20 years. The reasons for this use of immunotoxins in basic science and clinical research are the powerful concurrent advances in genetic engineering and receptor physiology. Recombinant technology has allowed investigators to produce sufficient quantities of a homogeneous c- pound that allows clinical trials to be performed. The identification of specific receptors on malignant cell types has enabled scientists to generate immunotoxins that have had positive results in clinical trials. As more cellular targets are identified in coming years, additional trials will be conducted in different disease states affecting still larger patient populations. Modulation of the immune system to decrease the humoral response to immunotoxins may improve their overall efficacy. As increasingly more effective compounds are generated, it will be necessary to decrease the local and systemic toxicity - sociated with these agents, and methods for doing so are presently being - veloped. The work presented in Immunotoxin Methods and Protocols focuses on three specific areas of immunotoxin investigation that are being conducted by experts throughout the world. The first section describes the construction and development of a variety of immunotoxins.




Immunotoxin Methods and Protocols


Book Description

Immunotoxins represent a new class of human therapeutics that have widespread applications and a potential that has not yet been fully recognized since they were first conceived of by Paul Ehrlich in 1906. The majority of advances in the development and implementation of immunotoxins has occurred over the last 20 years. The reasons for this use of immunotoxins in basic science and clinical research are the powerful concurrent advances in genetic engineering and receptor physiology. Recombinant technology has allowed investigators to produce sufficient quantities of a homogeneous c- pound that allows clinical trials to be performed. The identification of specific receptors on malignant cell types has enabled scientists to generate immunotoxins that have had positive results in clinical trials. As more cellular targets are identified in coming years, additional trials will be conducted in different disease states affecting still larger patient populations. Modulation of the immune system to decrease the humoral response to immunotoxins may improve their overall efficacy. As increasingly more effective compounds are generated, it will be necessary to decrease the local and systemic toxicity - sociated with these agents, and methods for doing so are presently being - veloped. The work presented in Immunotoxin Methods and Protocols focuses on three specific areas of immunotoxin investigation that are being conducted by experts throughout the world. The first section describes the construction and development of a variety of immunotoxins.




Immunotoxicity Testing


Book Description

This fully updated volume utilizes the expertise of scientists currently engaged in immunotoxicity testing to provide the reader with lab-ready procedures and the background information needed to identify effective testing approaches. Dedicated to identifying and describing exogenous agents that can modify immune function, uncovering modes and mechanisms of action for such agents, and translating data from the laboratory and from the clinic to better predict health risks as well as benefits to those who are exposed to immunomodulatory agents, immunotoxicity testing continues to be a vital field of study, and this collection highlights both the “tried and true” methods as well as alternative protocols that have been more recently developed. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Immunotoxicity Testing: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as a valuable contribution to the continued evolution and the application of immunotoxicity testing.




Bioconjugation


Book Description

This book explores well-established and emerging conjugation strategies that are relevant for proteins used in the field of precision medicine, focusing on techniques that are suitable for antibodies, antibody-fragments such as Fabs, scFvs, or nanobodies, scaffold proteins such as FN3 or DARPin, peptides, or model proteins. Although centered on the development of bioconjugates rather than their application, most protocols also show the conjugation of the targeting vehicle to a diagnostic or therapeutic entity, with the end-product most often being an antibody-drug conjugate, an optical probe, a nanomedicine, or a radiopharmaceutical. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Bioconjugation: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for researchers looking toward precision medicine in order to expand the vital field of drug discovery.




Methods in Molecular Biology: Bacterial toxins methods and protocols


Book Description




Natural Killer Cell Protocols


Book Description

As the research has continued, it has become increasingly clear that natural killer (NK) cells are critical sentinels of the innate immune response, playing important roles in protecting the body from numerous pathogens and cancer in addition to contributing to normal pregnancy and impacting the outcomes of transplantation. While the first edition provided a valuable collection of classical cellular and in vivo techniques to study NK cell functions, the Second Edition of "Natural Killer Cell Protocols: Cellular and Molecular Methods" brings together more recently developed methods, more refined techniques, and detailed protocols designed to study NK cells within specialized tissue sites in both mice and humans. In this collection of methods, international leaders in the field cover topics ranging from the analysis of the various stages of NK cell development and maturation to specialized techniques for the identification of ligands for NK cell receptors. This volume also includes an appendix, providing a rich resource summarizing available reagents to study NK cells, cross-referencing KIR nomenclature, and detailing the many HLA ligands for various KIR family members. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and thorough notes sections, highlighting tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, "Natural Killer Cell Protocols: Cellular and Molecular Methods, Second Edition" seeks to aid researchers and further advance our understanding of the functions, maturation, and regulation of these fascinating and dynamic cells.




Methods in Molecular Biology: Immunocytochemical methods and protocols


Book Description




Single-Domain Antibodies


Book Description

This volume covers current and emerging techniques for studying single-domain antibodies (sdAbs). Chapters guide readers through the biology and immunology of sdAbs in camelids and sharks, isolation of sdAbs, protein engineering approaches to optimize the solubility, stability, valency and antigen binding affinity of sdAbs, and specialized applications of sdAbs. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Single-Domain Antibodies: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful, practical guide to help researchers further their studies in this field.




Bacterial Toxins


Book Description

The interest of investigators across a broad spectrum of scientific dis- plines has been steadily stimulated by the field of bacterial toxin research, an area that makes use of a large variety of biological, chemical, physicochemical, and medically oriented approaches. Researchers studying bacterial toxins need to be acquainted with all these disciplines in order to work effectively in the field. To date, there has been no published collection offering detailed descr- tions of the techniques and methods needed by researchers operating across the field’sdiverse areas. The present volume Bacterial Toxins: Methods and Pro- cols, is intended to fill this gap. Bacterial Toxins: Methods and Protocols consists of two sections: one on protein toxins (15 chapters) and one on endotoxins (5 chapters). Each s- tion is introduced by an overview article (Chapters 1 and 16). The protocols collected represent state-of-the-art techniques that each have high impact on future bacterial toxin research. All methods are described by authors who have regularly been using the protocol in their own laboratories. Included in each chapter is a brief introduction to the method being described.