Implementation of an Oral Health Intervention for Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities


Book Description

Often oral care is overlooked during the daily care of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Due to the integration of adults with IDD from institutions into group homes and private homes, caregivers need to be taught to implement daily oral hygiene protocols. The purpose of this pilot study, conducted by the University of Louisville and the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, was to develop an oral hygiene plan for adults with IDD residing in group homes in the Louisville, Kentucky area that would ultimately improve their oral health and quality of life. This thesis focuses on the quality of implementation of the oral health intervention strategy based on the results from the pilot study. Additionally, this thesis sheds light on the level of implementation quality as measured by dosage, fidelity, and caregiver reactions.







Health Promotion for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities


Book Description

People with learning disabilities are affected by significantly more health problems than the general population and are much more likely to have significant health risks. Yet evidence suggests they are not receiving the same level of health education and health promotion opportunities as other members of society. This important, interdisciplinary book is aimed at increasing professional awareness of the importance of health promotion activities for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Written by an international board of experts, it is a thorough and comprehensive guide for students, professionals and carers. The book considers a variety of challenges faced by those with intellectual disabilities, from physical illnesses such as diabetes, epilepsy and sexual health issues, through to issues such as addiction, mental health and ageing. Contributors: Jim Blair, Penny Blake, Malin Broberg, Michael Brown, Eddie Chaplin, Bob Davies, Gillian Eastgate, Paul Fleming, Dora Fisher, Linda Goddard, Tamar Heller, John Heng, Thanos Karatzias, Mike Kerr, Nick Lennox, Tadhg MacIntyre, Beth Marks, Jane McCarthy,Judith Moyle,Karen Nankervis,Ruth Northway, Joseph O'Grady, Renee Proulx, Janet Robertson, Cathy Ross, Jasmina Sisirak, Eamonn Slevin, David S Stewart, William F. Sullivan, Beverley Temple, Hana Válková , Henny van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk. "I highly recommend this book to anyone working directly with people with an intellectual disability as well as professionals, academics and students who strive to promote issues and improve the lives of people with intellectual disabilities and their families." Agnes Lunny OBE, Chief Executive of Positive Futures, Northern Ireland "The editors and authors have done practitioners a great favour in bringing together in one volume a comprehensive account of how children and adults with intellectual disabilities can be supported to lead healthier lives." Roy McConkey, Professor of Developmental Disabilities, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland "This timely and important book synthesises current knowledge about health promotion interventions for people with intellectual disabilities. Written by leading researchers and practitioners, it should be on the bookshelves of everyone concerned with addressing the stark inequalities in health experienced by people with intellectual disabilities around the world." Eric Emerson, Professor of Disability Population Health, University of Sydney, Australia and Emeritus Professor of Disability and Health Research, Lancaster University, UK "This book is current and different from other textbooks I have used before. The book is pitched at a very easy to understand level and any healthcare professional or student working with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities can use it. The content is very up to date and relevant. The use of comprehensive authors with differing backgrounds demonstrates the textbook has a wide range of expertise and knowledge packed into it that makes the book very relevant learning disabilities practice. I will definitely be recommending this textbook to undergraduate nursing students in Learning Disabilities." Dorothy Kupara – Lecturer in Learning Disabilities Nursing, University of West London.




Oral Health Care Training for Caregivers of Individuals with Developmental Disabilities


Book Description

"Purpose: This study explored the impact of an oral health care training program on caregivers' knowledge of the oral-systemic link and confidence in the provision of oral health care for individuals with DD. Methods: This study used a mixed-methods design with a convenience sample comprised of 11 (N=11) licensed caregivers of developmental disabled employed by Mission Vista in Wenatchee, Washington. A one-group pre-test/post-test design measured the impact of an oral health curriculum on licensed caregivers' oral hygiene knowledge and confidence in the provision of care to individuals with disabilities. Quantitative measures included the use of descriptive and inferential statistics to describe demographic data and to analyze pre-test and post-test data. Qualitative data was collected to assess caregivers concerns of their client's oral health and assess knowledge of how to report oral health concerns. Qualitative data was also collected and assessed on how the training changed their own oral health habits. Results: Results showed a significant improvement in post-test scores compared to pre-test scores measuring confidence, (p =.025). Ninety percent of participants, (n=10) indicated they would take a more active role in providing oral health care to their client and they were very confident in evaluating their client's oral health. Conclusion: An educational intervention program is an effective strategy for caregivers of individuals with DD to increase knowledge on the oral-systemic-link while also increasing confidence in providing oral health care. Thus, demonstrating that oral health services can be provided on a daily basis to individuals with DD could improve oral and systemic health"--Leaf viii.




Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children


Book Description

Children living in poverty are more likely to have mental health problems, and their conditions are more likely to be severe. Of the approximately 1.3 million children who were recipients of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) disability benefits in 2013, about 50% were disabled primarily due to a mental disorder. An increase in the number of children who are recipients of SSI benefits due to mental disorders has been observed through several decades of the program beginning in 1985 and continuing through 2010. Nevertheless, less than 1% of children in the United States are recipients of SSI disability benefits for a mental disorder. At the request of the Social Security Administration, Mental Disorders and Disability Among Low-Income Children compares national trends in the number of children with mental disorders with the trends in the number of children receiving benefits from the SSI program, and describes the possible factors that may contribute to any differences between the two groups. This report provides an overview of the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, and the levels of impairment in the U.S. population under age 18. The report focuses on 6 mental disorders, chosen due to their prevalence and the severity of disability attributed to those disorders within the SSI disability program: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, learning disabilities, and mood disorders. While this report is not a comprehensive discussion of these disorders, Mental Disorders and Disability Among Low-Income Children provides the best currently available information regarding demographics, diagnosis, treatment, and expectations for the disorder time course - both the natural course and under treatment.




Promoting Inclusion Oral-Health


Book Description

The aim of this collection of papers is to provide the reader with a cogent understanding of the role of evidence in the development of social or community-based interventions to promote inclusion oral-health and reduce oral health, health, and psychosocial inequities. In addition, this material will include various methods used for their implementation and evaluation. At the outset, the reader will be offered a working definition of inclusion oral-health, which will be modelled on the work of Luchenski et al. [1]. The interventions described are theoretically underpinned by a pluralistic definition of evidence-based practice [2] and the radical discourse of health promotion as postulated by Laverack and Labonte [3] and others [4,5]. This Special Issue will consist of eight papers, including an introduction. The first three papers will examine the various sources of evidence used to transform top-down into bottom-up community-based interventions for people experiencing homelessness; people in custody and for families residing in areas of high social deprivation. The final four papers will report on the implementation and evaluation of social or community-based interventions. This collection of research papers will highlight the importance of focusing on prevention and the adoption of a common risk factor agenda to tackle oral health, health and psychosocial inequities felt by those most excluded in our societies.




Health Care for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities across the Lifespan


Book Description

This book provides a broad overview of quality health care for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). It focuses on providing the reader a practical approach to dealing with the health and well-being of people with IDD in general terms as well as in dealing with specific conditions. In addition, it offers the reader a perspective from many different points of view in the health care delivery system as well as in different parts of the world. This is the 3rd , and much expanded edition, of a text that was first published in 1989 (Lea and Fibiger). The second edition was published in 2006 (Paul Brookes) and has been used as a formal required text in training programs for physicians, nurses and nurse practitioners as well as by administrators who are responsible for programs serving people with IDD. This book is considered the “Bible” in the field of health care for people with IDD since 1989 when the first edition came out.










Oral Health Literacy of the Caregivers of Adults with Intellectual and Developmental


Book Description

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the oral health understanding and literacy of caregivers of intellectually or developmentally disabled adults and determine if there is a difference in family caregivers’ literacy versus paid caregivers in terms of reading ability and oral health literacy. Methods: Caregivers who brought adult patients with intellectual or developmental disability to the Nisonger Center Dental Clinic were recruited to participate in this voluntary study. They were asked demographic questions, and administered the following instruments: the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6 (STAI-6), the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (REALD-30), and the word reading and sentence comprehension subsets of the Wider Range Achievement Test 4 (WRAT-4). Results: Forty-two caregivers participated; however, 1 dropped out leaving a sample of 41 for analysis. Paid caregivers composed 80% of the sample. Family caregivers scored significantly better than paid caregivers on all of the validated reading instruments. The STAI-6 was consistent and not significant among the caregiver groups. There were no associations between age and sex and any outcomes. Higher education was associated with higher scores for all the different reading instruments. Conclusions: Family caregivers were more proficient in reading and were more familiar with words commonly used in the dental field. Paid caregivers would benefit from training in oral health. More research is needed regarding this topic.