Improving the Nation's Water Security


Book Description

Concern over terrorist attacks since 2001 has directed attention to potential vulnerabilities of the nation's water and wastewater systems. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which leads federal efforts to protect the water sector, initiated a research program in 2002 to address immediate research and technical support needs. This report, conducted at EPA's request, evaluates research progress and provides a long-term vision for EPA's research program. The report recommends that EPA develop a strategic research plan, address gaps in expertise among EPA program managers and researchers, and improve its approaches to information dissemination. The report recommends several high-priority research topics for EPA, including conducting empirical research in behavioral science to better understand how to prepare people for water security incidents.







Fundamentals of Water Security


Book Description

FUNDAMENTALS OF WATER SECURITY Understand How to Manage Water Resources to Equitably Meet Both Human and Ecological Needs Burgeoning populations and the ever-higher standards of living for those in emerging countries increase the demand on our water resources. What is not increasing, however, is the supply of water and the total amount of water in earth’s biosphere—water that is integral to all standards of living. Fundamentals of Water Security provides a foundation for understanding and managing the quantity-quality-equity nexus of water security in a changing climate. In a broad sense, this volume explores solutions to water security challenges around the world. It is richly illustrated and pedagogically packed with up-to-date information. The text contains chapter learning objectives, foundation sections reviewing quantitative skills, case studies, and vignettes of people who have made important contributions to water security. To further aid comprehension, end-of-chapter problems are included—both qualitative and quantitative, with solutions available to instructors. Finally, extensive references feature books, journal articles, and government and NGO reports. Sample topics discussed include: How the study of water resources has evolved from a focus on physical availability to include social factors and governance How water security affects multiple disciplines across environmental science and engineering, hydrology, geography, water resources, atmospheric science, chemistry, biology, health science, and social and political science fields How to achieve a sufficient quantity and quality of water to equitably meet both immediate and long-term human and ecological needs Analysis of water security in an integrated manner by underscoring the complex interactions between water quantity, water quality, and society Students taking courses on hydrology, water security, and/or water resource management, along with scientists working in fields where water security is a factor will be able to use Fundamentals of Water Security as a comprehensive textbook to understand and achieve water security.




Our Nation's Water Infrastructure


Book Description




Water Security


Book Description

The purpose of this book is to present an overview of the latest research, policy, practitioner, academic and international thinking on water security—an issue that, like water governance a few years ago, has developed much policy awareness and momentum with a wide range of stakeholders. As a concept it is open to multiple interpretations, and the authors here set out the various approaches to the topic from different perspectives. Key themes addressed include: Water security as a foreign policy issue The interconnected variables of water, food, and human security Dimensions other than military and international relations concerns around water security Water security theory and methods, tools and audits. The book is loosely based on a masters level degree plus a short professional course on water security both given at the University of East Anglia, delivered by international authorities on their subjects. It should serve as an introductory textbook as well as be of value to professionals, NGOs, and policy-makers.




A Review of the EPA Water Security Research and Technical Support Action Plan


Book Description

The report examines a draft plan, prepared by the Environmental Protection Agency, that identifies critical security issues for drinking water and wastewater and outlines related research and technical support needs. This report recommends increased attention to interagency coordination and encourages additional consideration of current restrictions on secure information dissemination. It further suggests that EPA incorporate the results of their research activities into an integrated water security guidance document to improve support for water and wastewater utilities.




Putting Water Security to Work


Book Description

Over the last decade, water security has replaced sustainability as the key optic for thinking about how we manage water. This reframing has offered benefits (including clear recognition of the link between humans, the environment and the right to water) and also posed challenges (the tendency in some quarters to interpret “security” solely in terms of geopolitical or economic “securitisation”). In this collection, the authors offer a radical repositioning of these debates updated to reflect the concerns of our post-pandemic world. The chapters in this volume examine several different themes including how water security articulates with locality and culture, how it operates across spatial scales and its moral/ethical resonances. The chapters in this book were originally published in the journals Water International and International Journal of Water Resources Development.




Need to Know


Book Description

Since the events of September 11, 2001, improving the security of our nation's drinking water and wastewater infrastructure has been a high priority. As critical infrastructure, water systems can be subject to intentional attacks as well as unintentional contamination and must be protected. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) plays a critical role in this effort as the lead federal agency for water security. This investigation was undertaken at the request of EPA to conduct research to: (1) compare public and drinking water professional personnel's assessments of critical information needs arising from the intentional contamination of a municipal water supply; and (2) obtain public evaluation of draft messages developed for such an occasion. The Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education provided technical assistance. Information was collected from both utility professionals and members of the public (water consumers) in four metropolitan areas in the United States (northeastern, southeastern, midwestern and western). Twenty-four one-hour discussions were held with a total of 38 drinking water utility professionals. Four two-hour focus groups with members of the general public who use the municipal water supply were conducted in each of the four study cities, with a total of 113 respondents participating.




Safeguarding the Nation's Drinking Water


Book Description

The events of 11 September 2001 focused heightened attention on the security status of the nation's drinking water supplies and the vulnerability of this critical infrastructure sector to attack. As discussed in this book, Congress since has enacted security requirements for public water systems and has provided funding for vulnerability assessments, emergency planning, and drinking water research. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the lead federal agency for the water sector, has worked with water utilities, state and local governments, and federal agencies to improve the drinking water security. Thus, although EPA, states, localities, and water utilities have taken steps to address security concerns, the security of the nation's water supplies continues to attract congressional attention. This book reviews governmental and water utility efforts to improve drinking water security.




EPA Can Better Address Risks to the Security of the Nation?s Drinking Water Through New Authorities, Plans, and Information


Book Description

EPA has implemented a number of activities to promote the security of drinking water systems. However, strategic planning and internal controls for the water security program need to be strengthened to allow the Agency to measure the program's performance and progress in drinking water systems' preparedness, prevention, response, and recovery capabilities. EPA's strategic planning in this area is hampered by its limited authority over water security, the voluntary nature of its water security activities, and concerns related to protecting information. These impediments could be overcome by the water security program utilizing available data; using alternative methods to gather data; and seeking additional authority from Congress to collect, protect, and utilize information from water systems. EPA should also expand its internal controls to meet Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act requirements. EPA has made progress improving water security by taking corrective actions based on the recommendations and suggestions from prior evaluations. However, the Agency has not fully addressed three Office of Inspector General (OIG) suggestions to establish a baseline and measure improvements, despite agreeing with OIG's assessment. Additional work remains for EPA, as the lead federal agency for the water sector, to enhance its efforts to manage the water security program and help reduce risks to drinking water systems and the public.