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In the Scope of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science

Author : Peter Gärdenfors

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 584 pages

File Size : 10,68 MB

Release : 2013-03-14

Category : Science

ISBN : 9401704759

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Book Description

This is the second of two volumes containing papers submitted by the invited speakers to the 11th international Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, held in Cracow in 1999, under the auspices of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. The invited speakers are the leading researchers and accordingly the book presents the current state of the intellectual discourse in the respective fields.



In the Scope of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science

Author : Peter Gärdenfors

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 414 pages

File Size : 35,89 MB

Release : 2002-12-31

Category : Computers

ISBN : 9781402009297

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Book Description

This is the first of two volumes containing papers submitted by the invited speakers to the 11th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, held in Cracow in 1999, under the auspices of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. The invited speakers are the leading researchers and accordingly the book presents the current state of the intellectual discourse in the respective fields. The papers delivered at the congress were divided into 17 sections. Thus the structure of the volume corresponds to the very schedule of the congress. Volume one contains the opening lecture by Andrzej K. Wróblewski as well as invited papers in sections of Proof Theory, Model Theory, Recursion Theory, Axiomatic Set Theory, Logic and Computation, Logic, Language and Cognition, Methodology, Probability, Induction, and Decision Theory, Philosophy of Logic, Mathematics, and Computer Science, and Philosophy of the Physical Sciences.



Philosophical Lectures on Probability

Author : Bruno de Finetti

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 239 pages

File Size : 39,40 MB

Release : 2008-05-01

Category : Science

ISBN : 1402082029

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Book Description

Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985) is the founder of the subjective interpretation of probability, together with the British philosopher Frank Plumpton Ramsey. His related notion of “exchangeability” revolutionized the statistical methodology. This book (based on a course held in 1979) explains in a language accessible also to non-mathematicians the fundamental tenets and implications of subjectivism, according to which the probability of any well specified fact F refers to the degree of belief actually held by someone, on the ground of her whole knowledge, on the truth of the assertion that F obtains.



Blameworthy Belief

Author : Nikolaj Nottelmann

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 284 pages

File Size : 31,73 MB

Release : 2007-07-18

Category : Philosophy

ISBN : 1402059612

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Book Description

Believing the wrong thing can have drastic consequences. The question of when a person is not only ill-guided, but genuinely at fault for holding a particular belief goes to the root of our understanding of such notions as criminal negligence and moral responsibility. This book explores the conditions under which someone may be deemed blameworthy for holding a particular belief, drawing on contemporary epistemology, ethics and legal scholarship.



Abductive Reasoning

Author : Atocha Aliseda

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 246 pages

File Size : 39,10 MB

Release : 2006-02-16

Category : Philosophy

ISBN : 1402039077

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Book Description

Abductive Reasoning: Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation is a much awaited original contribution to the study of abductive reasoning, providing logical foundations and a rich sample of pertinent applications. Divided into three parts on the conceptual framework, the logical foundations, and the applications, this monograph takes the reader for a comprehensive and erudite tour through the taxonomy of abductive reasoning, via the logical workings of abductive inference ending with applications pertinent to scientific explanation, empirical progress, pragmatism and belief revision.



Theoretical Knowledge

Author : Vi︠a︡cheslav Semenovich Stepin

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 440 pages

File Size : 25,81 MB

Release : 2005-07-12

Category : Philosophy

ISBN : 9781402030451

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Book Description

He shows direct and inverse links between foundations of science and new theories and empirical facts evolved from those, how among many potentially possible histories of science a culture selects just those directions which become a real history of science. The author analyses mechanisms of the generation of scientific theories and shows that those are changed in the process of historical development of science. He displays three historical types of scientific rationality (classical, non-classical and post-non-classical, which appears in modern science) and shows features of their coexistence and interplay. It is shown that along with the emerging of post-non-classical rationality science increases the sphere of its worldview applications. Science begins to correlate not only with the basic values of technogenic civilization but also with some values and patterns of traditional cultures.



Formal Ontology and Conceptual Realism

Author : Nino B. Cocchiarella

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 347 pages

File Size : 22,27 MB

Release : 2007-09-05

Category : Philosophy

ISBN : 1402062044

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Book Description

Theories about the ontological structure of the world have generally been described in informal, intuitive terms. This book offers an account of the general features and methodology of formal ontology. The book defends conceptual realism as the best system to adopt based on a logic of natural kinds. By formally reconstructing an intuitive, informal ontological scheme as a formal ontology we can better determine the consistency and adequacy of that scheme.



Brouwer meets Husserl

Author : Mark van Atten

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 213 pages

File Size : 31,81 MB

Release : 2006-11-08

Category : Mathematics

ISBN : 1402050879

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Book Description

Can a line be analysed mathematically such a way that it does not fall apart into a set of discrete points? Are there objects of pure mathematics that can change through time? L. E. J. Brouwer argued that the two questions are related and that the answer to both is "yes", introducing the concept of choice sequences. This book subjects Brouwer's choice sequences to a phenomenological critique in the style of Husserl.



Attitudes and Changing Contexts

Author : Robert van Rooij

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 312 pages

File Size : 18,63 MB

Release : 2006-01-18

Category : Language Arts & Disciplines

ISBN : 9781402041761

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Book Description

In this book, the author defends a unified externalists account of propositional attitudes and reference, and formalizes this view within possible world semantics. He establishes a link between philosophical analyses of intentionality and reference, and formal semantic theories of discourse representation and context change. The relation between belief change and the semantic analyses of conditional sentences and evidential (knowledge) and buletic (desire) propositional attitudes is discussed extensively.



Visualization, Explanation and Reasoning Styles in Mathematics

Author : Paolo Mancosu

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 336 pages

File Size : 30,56 MB

Release : 2005-04-20

Category : Mathematics

ISBN : 9781402033346

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Book Description

This book contains groundbreaking contributions to the philosophical analysis of mathematical practice. Several philosophers of mathematics have recently called for an approach to philosophy of mathematics that pays more attention to mathematical practice. Questions concerning concept-formation, understanding, heuristics, changes in style of reasoning, the role of analogies and diagrams etc. have become the subject of intense interest. The historians and philosophers in this book agree that there is more to understanding mathematics than a study of its logical structure. How are mathematical objects and concepts generated? How does the process tie up with justification? What role do visual images and diagrams play in mathematical activity? What are the different epistemic virtues (explanatoriness, understanding, visualizability, etc.) which are pursued and cherished by mathematicians in their work? The reader will find here systematic philosophical analyses as well as a wealth of philosophically informed case studies ranging from Babylonian, Greek, and Chinese mathematics to nineteenth century real and complex analysis.