Information Technology and R and D


Book Description




Assessing the Impacts of Changes in the Information Technology R&D Ecosystem


Book Description

The U.S. information technology (IT) research and development (R&D) ecosystem was the envy of the world in 1995. However, this position of leadership is not a birthright, and it is now under pressure. In recent years, the rapid globalization of markets, labor pools, and capital flows have encouraged many strong national competitors. During the same period, national policies have not sufficiently buttressed the ecosystem, or have generated side effects that have reduced its effectiveness. As a result, the U.S. position in IT leadership today has materially eroded compared with that of prior decades, and the nation risks ceding IT leadership to other nations within a generation. Assessing the Impacts of Changes in the Information Technology R&D Ecosystem calls for a recommitment to providing the resources needed to fuel U.S. IT innovation, to removing important roadblocks that reduce the ecosystem's effectiveness in generating innovation and the fruits of innovation, and to becoming a lead innovator and user of IT. The book examines these issues and makes recommendations to strengthen the U.S. IT R&D ecosystem.




Information Technology


Book Description

This book considers how the fundamental issues relating to the use of information technology in education, are being tackled across the world. Significantly it features international perspectives on the challenge that information and communications technology poses to teacher education; views of trainee teacher experiences with computers; insights into the ways in which communication technologies are being used to link teachers and students; consideration of the impact of change with information and communications technology; discussion of the roles of those involved in developing teacher education with information and communications techology at national, institutional and teacher levels. It contains the selected proceedings of the International Conference on Information technology: Supporting change through teacher education, sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing, and held at Kiryat Anavim, Israel, in June/July 1996.




Information Technology and Product Development


Book Description

Information Technology and Product Development: A Research Agenda presents important new research from varied disciplines aimed at developing new theoretical concepts and insights on the application of IT in product and service innovation. Drawing on the work of researchers in such varied management areas as information services, technology management, marketing, operations, business strategy and organizational behavior, the book redefines the role of IT in product and service development and the organizational and management issues underlying the successful deployment of IT in innovation contexts, and provides a foundation for future research on the diverse types of IT applications in product development and their potential impact on both product and service innovation. Reflecting two critical shifts in the service sector – the increased complexity and convergence in products and services, along with the rise of the Internet and rapid digitization of products and services – the book is organized into three sections. Section 1 presents four chapters that focus on the traditional areas of project and process management; Section 2 presents four chapters focusing on the emerging areas of collaborative innovation and knowledge co-creation; and Section 3 presents one chapter that draws it all together and identifies some of the important themes and issues for future research. This important new work has much to offer academic researchers in management in its in-depth theoretical analysis of the wide range of organizational and management issues associated with the application of IT in product and service development. It will also appeal to researchers and thought-leaders in consulting organizations whose primary area of interest is product development or IT applications.




Managing the Flow of Technology


Book Description

The original edition of this book summarized more than a decade of work oncommunications flow in science and engineering organizations, showing how human and organizationalsystems could be restructured to bring about improved productivity and better person-to-personcontact. While many studies have been done since then, few of them invalidate the generalconclusions and recommendations Allen offers. In a new preface he points out - new developments,noting areas that need some modification, elaboration, or extension, and directing readers to theappropriate journal articles where the findings, are reported.The first three chapters provide anoverview of the communication system in technology, present the author's research methods, anddescribe differences in the career paths and goals of engineers and scientists that cause specialproblems for organizations. The book then discusses how technological information is acquired by theR & D organization, shows how critical technical communication within the laboratory is for R& D performance, and originates the idea of the "gatekeeper," the person who links his or herorganization to the world at large. Concluding chapters take up the influence of formal and informalorganization and of architecture and office layouts on communication. Many of these ideas have beensuccessfully incorporated by architects and managers in the design of new R & D facilities andcomplexes.Thomas J. Allen is Professor of Organizational Psychology and Management at MIT's SloanSchool of Management.




Using Information Technology


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Managing Information Technology Resources and Applications in the World Economy


Book Description

This Proceedings contains many research and practical papers dealing with the impact and influence of information technology on the global economy.




Information Technology Evaluation Methods and Management


Book Description

The evaluation of IT and its business value are the subject of many academic and business discussions. Investments in IT are growing extensively, and business managers worry about the fact that the benefits might not be as high as expected. This phenomenon is often called the IT investment paradox or the IT Black Hole: large sums are invested in IT that seem to be swallowed by a large black hole without rendering many returns. How to measure the benefits of IT is the concern of this book titled Information Technology Evaluation Methods and Management. The different IT evaluation approaches and methods are discussed and illustrated with cases: traditional financial evaluations such as the return on investment, information economics and the recently introduced IT Balanced Scorecard. The latter approach is proposed as an ideal mechanism to support the IT/business alignment process and its related IT governance process. Among some of the topics included in this book are: software measurement; ERP project evaluation; strategic electronic commerce evaluation.




Government-Industry Partnerships for the Development of New Technologies


Book Description

This report reviews a variety of partnership programs in the United States, and finds that partnerships constitute a vital positive element of public policy, helping to address major challenges and opportunities at the nexus of science, technology, and economic growth.