Les trajectoires de l'innovation technologique et la construction européenne


Book Description

Le processus d'intégration européenne a été interconnecté avec science et technologie seulement apparemment au cours de la dernière décennie. Au contraire, dès les années 1950 les États membres de la CEE et ses potentiels candidats ont été engagés dans différents projets et tentatives de coopération dans les secteurs de la science et la technologie. Les gouvernements nationaux non seulement choisirent la voie intergouvernementale, mais ils essayèrent de profiter du cadre communautaire. Ces tentatives ont produit d'autres projets débattus au niveau de la CEE sur la standardisation de l'automobile ou sur l'énergie nucléaire et les solutions à crise pétrolière, la coopération européenne a été expérimentée avec succès dans d'autres secteurs mais non seulement dans le « berceau » communautaire, tels que l'aéronautique ou les réseaux électriques. Ces expériences et débats sur la construction européenne techno-scientifique ont été confrontés à la compétition transatlantique, et même à celle intra-européenne. En tous cas, comme les plus récents développements semblent prouver, l'Union européenne est destinée à jouer un rôle d'innovateur technologique. Grâce à une approche historique transnationale et interdisciplinaire, serions-nous capables de suggérer quel rôle, et selon quelles trajectoires ? Ostensibly the European integration process has been interconnected with science and technology only in the last decade. On the other hand, since the 1950s EEC member states and would-be members have been engaged in several projects and attempts to cooperate in science and technology. National governments not only chose the intergovernmental way, but also they tried to take advantage of the communitarian framework. These attempts produced some successes inside the EEC including the European Commission's framework programme. Appart from some projects discussed at EEC level on automobile standardisation, nuclear energy and supplies during oil crisis, European cooperation in aircraft or electric power was successfully experimented but outside the communitarian networks. These experiences and debates on a European techno-scientific construction encountered competition from across the Atlantic as well as within Europe. As the most recent developments seem to prove, the European Union has to play a role of technological innovator. Thanks to a transnational and interdisciplinary historical approach, are we able to suggest which role, and by which trends?




Innovation Economics, Engineering and Management Handbook 2


Book Description

Innovation, in economic activity, in managerial concepts and in engineering design, results from creative activities, entrepreneurial strategies and the business climate. Innovation leads to technological, organizational and commercial changes, due to the relationships between enterprises, public institutions and civil society organizations. These innovation networks create new knowledge and contribute to the dissemination of new socio-economic and technological models, through new production and marketing methods. Innovation Economics, Engineering and Management Handbook 2 is the second of the two volumes that comprise this book. The main objectives across both volumes are to study the innovation processes in todays information and knowledge society; to analyze how links between research and business have intensified; and to discuss the methods by which innovation emerges and is managed by firms, not only from a local perspective but also a global one. The studies presented in these two volumes contribute toward an understanding of the systemic nature of innovations and enable reflection on their potential applications, in order to think about the meaning of growth and prosperity




Collective Innovation Processes


Book Description

In macro-, meso- and micro-economic systems, the concept of innovation involves a variety of resources and functions. It includes all formal and informal institutions, networks and actors that influence innovation and act as innovation boosters within companies, at the territorial level, at the level of innovation networks or in national economies. This book deals with innovation in a globalized context in terms of the entrepreneur, enterprise, territorial and sectoral systems and national systems of innovation in which collective innovation processes are formed.







Open Innovation Strategies


Book Description

The main aim of opening up innovation is to optimize the process of creating innovations, while pooling human, financial and material resources. Various profiles of actors are thus brought together in order to collaborate to achieve common objectives and share their particular interests. This book describes the challenges of collaboration in the development of innovations in a context where the sustainability of value chains is central. The diversity of collaborative forms, shared spaces (FabLab, LivingLab, co-working spaces), the intrinsic characteristics of innovation, and the actors actively involved in its emergence are all addressed in this book. The structuring of partners collaborating in innovative projects in specific environments is also discussed. Furthermore, it questions the social responsibility of companies and their innovative role in generating sustainable solutions for stakeholders.




The Innovation Ecosystem as a Source of Value Creation


Book Description

Ecosystems have been present in the fields of economics and management for decades, and in recent years they have experienced rapid development. However, there is still no consensus on the definition of an innovation ecosystem. Using concrete examples, The Innovation Ecosystem as a Source of Value Creation proposes a unique model in order to refine the understanding, functions, advantages and disadvantages of innovation ecosystems. This model is based on both the iterative network and integrated value chain. The network supports the collaboration between actors and favors asset transfers articulated around the innovation process. This book highlights the transfer processes at work in the innovation ecosystem, as well as the roles of the actors in this integrated value chain. It presents how value creation is articulated around knowledge to generate value shared by all of the actors in the innovation ecosystem.




Knowledge Management in the Innovation Process


Book Description

It is now widely recognized that many of the central unresolved problems in economic policy, management and research turn on questions of knowledge. Increasingly, complex firms and agencies must ask, and answer, such difficult questions as: What is knowledge? Where is it? Who has it? Does the organization lose or gain competitive advantage or effectiveness by sharing knowledge? Where can we find the knowledge we need? How can we measure knowledge? In a knowledge-based economy, these queries are integral to the pursuits of every policy maker, analyst and strategist. Knowledge Management in The Innovation Process - a joint project between Statistics Canada and Program of Research on Innovation Management and Economy (PRIME) at the University of Ottawa - brings together economic, social, measurement and policy views on these critical issues. This project fits into an ongoing research program at Statistics Canada to develop meaningful indicators for science, technology and innovation in a technology-intensive economy. It also fits into the ongoing program at PRIME to better understand technology policy and innovation strategy. This book tells the story of the dynamic interplay between knowledge and innovation with an eye to developing tools and frameworks for managing knowledge for social and economic benefit.




Innovation Interactions Between Knowledge-Intensive Business Services And Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises


Book Description

The book investigates the meaning, nature and consequences of innovation interactions between small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) and knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). It focuses on the concept of a virtuous circle linking KIBS' and SMEs' innovation capacities in Germany and France. A particular emphasis is given to the question of the role and nature of the knowledge base of the firm in an evolutionary perspective. The integration of the spatial dimension strengthens the examination. For this purpose, a new data analysis methodology has been developed. This methodology consists of a combination of complementary statistical procedures, which provides a tool allowing a reliable examination of the data collected. The samples considered in the analysis constitute a source of rich, complex, and diversified information.




The Edition XII Guide


Book Description

"Over 500 profiles of Postgraduate Science, Health, Computer Sciences and Engineering courses. A comprehensive reference section, with details of over 10 000 Postgraduate Science and Engineering courses. There is also practical editorial giving useful and essential advice and information"--Back cover.




Wine Management and Marketing Opportunities for Companies and Challenges for the Industry


Book Description

This work highlights the new challenges facing the French wine industry and the issues that arise from it. Written on the basis of academic work and field studies, conducted by a group of Montpellier academics in Economics and Management Sciences (Groupe Montpellier Vin), this book presents recent and original research results and raises the key issues related to finance, strategy, international management and marketing. Professionals in the sector, academics, students and wine enthusiasts will find up-to-date information, in-depth analyses and above all, an invitation to a stimulating debate on the prospects of this traditional, yet innovative sector.