Neuropeptide Systems as Targets for Parasite and Pest Control


Book Description

The need to continually discover new agents for the control or treatment of invertebrate pests and pathogens is undeniable. Agriculture, both animal and plant, succeeds only to the extent that arthropod and helminth consumers, vectors and pathogens can be kept at bay. Humans and their companion animals are also plagued by invertebrate parasites. The deployment of chemical agents for these purposes inevitably elicits the selection of resistant populations of the targets of control, necessitating a regular introduction of new kinds of molecules. Experience in other areas of chemotherapy has shown that a thorough understanding of the biology of disease is an essential platform upon which to build a discovery program. Unfortunately, investment of research resources into understanding the basic physiology of invertebrates as a strategy to illuminate new molecular targets for pesticide and parasiticide discovery has been scarce, and the pace of introduction of new molecules for these indications has been slowed as a result. An exciting and so far unexploited area to explore in this regard is invertebrate neuropeptide physiology. This book was assembled to focus attention on this promising field by compiling a comprehensive review of recent research on neuropeptides in arthropods and helminths, with contributions from many of the leading laboratories working on these systems.




Insect Neuropeptides


Book Description




Insect Neuropeptides


Book Description

Insect neurochemistry and neurobiology are active and growing areas of neuroscience research. Scientists believe that insect neuropeptides will lead to novel approaches to insect control. This new volume assesses the state of research in insect neuropeptides and identifies promising directions for future work. Its 22 chapters present information on developmental neuropeptides, and biochemistry and molecular biology. Of special interest is a chapter by Max Summers on the expression of foreign peptides in baculoviruses, which could pave the way for a method of introducing neuropeptide-regulating genes into living insects.




Recent Developments in Insect Neurohormones


Book Description

The most striking fact revealed by investigations of insect neurohormones is that insects are as well supplied with neurohormones as mammals, since neurohor mones regulate not only the functioning of the endocrine glands, prothoracic gland, and corpora allata, but also most physiological processes. Our knowledge of neurohormones developed originally from anat omocytological investigations and experimental studies. Today, accurate bio assays have been devised for studying both in vivo and in vitro physiological processes, and RIA determination has yielded knowledge of titer modifications of humoral factors. Much is also known about neurohormone purification, and several neurohormones have even been identified in different species. Immunocytochemistry has made it possible to demonstrate in their origin and release sites the presence of insect neurohormones whose structure has been elucidated. Moreover, the presence of vertebrate and invertebrate neuropeptides has been demonstrated in insects. As regards biogenic amines, methods of detection have been greatly refined and it is now possible to identify the cell bodies and axons of the main biogenic amines. Other new methods, such as cobalt chloride impregnation or Lucifer yellow staining, have revealed the axonal pathways and the location of particular neurons. The mechanisms of action of neurohormones have been investigated in several cases and the results of these investigations will be related in the chapters which follow.




Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology


Book Description

This book represents proceedings from ICINN 1993, and comprises papers on nerve function, neurotransmitters, ion channels, second messengers and neuropeptides. By using a variety of techniques, combining aspects of nrurophysiology, pharmacology, immunology, peptide separation and sequencing or molecular biology, it has become possible to study systems in greater detail and complexity than before.




Neuropeptides


Book Description

This volume discusses the conservation of function across a range of species, illustrated in studies of insects, nematodes, tadpoles, mice, and rats, and in humans. The rate of embryonic and fietal development appears to be under the control of neuropeptides implicated in the stress response.




Insect Neuropeptides


Book Description




Brain Peptides


Book Description

The first major comprehensive overview of the anatomical, physiological, evolutionary, and embryological aspects of brain peptides, focusing on peptides described in the past decade. Examines the role of peptides in affecting major homeostatic systems. Presents the methodologies applicable to the study of brain peptides. Summarizes current knowledge of individual peptides.




Neuropeptide and Peptidomimetic Analogs: Role in Pest Management


Book Description

Neuropeptides are short sequences of amino acids that function in all multicellular organisms to communicate information between cells. Insect neuropeptides mediate many critical processes such as pheromone production, diuresis, visceral muscle contraction (myotropic activity), blood sugar level, mating, and pupal development. The pyrokinin insect neuropeptides are particularly suitable for complete characterization. Insect neuropeptides of the insect kinin (IK) and pyrokinin or PBAN (PK or PBAN) family are both potent and specific, these molecular messengers are not suitably designed to be effective either as pest insect control agents or tools for insect neuroendocrinologists. Peptidomimetic analogs either over inactivate or block the critical neuropeptide regulated functions. Therefore Peptidomimetic analogs can change the mode of pest control strategies in near future.




Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology · 1989 ·


Book Description

This volume contains the proceedings of the Third International Conference on Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology (ICINN'89), which was held at the University of Maryland at College Park, Maryland, on July 10-12, 1989. The ICINN meetings were ini tiated in 1983 at a time when insect neurobiology was emerging as a vigorous sector of entomology, requiring a degree of attention and autonomy long before granted to its sister field, vertebrate neurobiol ogy. The distinctly medical aspects of the latter were replaced by potentiali ties for developing new approaches to insect control, and the difference was reflected in the kind of sponsorship that has made the ICINNs possible. It is to the credit of the sponsors of the present con ference, i. e., Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agri culture, American Cyanamid, BASF, Dow Chemical USA, E.I. DuPont de Nemours, Monsanto, Nippon Soda, Rohm and Haas, and Sandoz Crop Protection, that they recognized the need for providing a forum for specialized scientific presentations as well as a medium by which ideas and information could be exchanged directly and cooperation could be planned. As in the previous conferences in 1983 and 1986, the ICINN'89 program contained state-of-the-art plenary lectures or reviews by invited speakers as well as shorter research communications pre sented orally or as posters. The latter two are included here in three sections: neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, and neurophysiology.