Intelligence artificielle


Book Description

Et si l’intelligence artificielle nous était contée ? Intelligence artificielle – Défis & perspectives a été conçu comme une invitation à découvrir cette révolution technologique et intellectuelle dont les avatars ne sont ni entièrement connus ni sans doute proprement maîtrisés. Si le concept a d’ores et déjà intégré l’imaginaire commun sous bien des formes, il soulève de véritables enjeux juridiques, éthiques et sociétaux que cet ouvrage collectif se propose d’aborder de façon non totalement linéaire, préférant au jardin à la française les arrangements subtilement décalés des espaces verts d’outre-Manche. Tout en permettant d’initier le lecteur à des domaines d’application variés et novateurs et de montrer combien l’intelligence artificielle fait désormais partie de notre quotidien, cet ouvrage apporte des réflexions prospectives sur les évolutions attendues ou souhaitées dans son domaine d’élection. Il reste à espérer qu’à sa lecture, le lecteur voudra bien adhérer à l’idée que l’intelligence artifi cielle peut rester un formidable outil au service du progrès et non constituer une création susceptible à terme de détruire son humanité.




The Promise of Artificial Intelligence


Book Description

An argument that—despite dramatic advances in the field—artificial intelligence is nowhere near developing systems that are genuinely intelligent. In this provocative book, Brian Cantwell Smith argues that artificial intelligence is nowhere near developing systems that are genuinely intelligent. Second wave AI, machine learning, even visions of third-wave AI: none will lead to human-level intelligence and judgment, which have been honed over millennia. Recent advances in AI may be of epochal significance, but human intelligence is of a different order than even the most powerful calculative ability enabled by new computational capacities. Smith calls this AI ability “reckoning,” and argues that it does not lead to full human judgment—dispassionate, deliberative thought grounded in ethical commitment and responsible action. Taking judgment as the ultimate goal of intelligence, Smith examines the history of AI from its first-wave origins (“good old-fashioned AI,” or GOFAI) to such celebrated second-wave approaches as machine learning, paying particular attention to recent advances that have led to excitement, anxiety, and debate. He considers each AI technology's underlying assumptions, the conceptions of intelligence targeted at each stage, and the successes achieved so far. Smith unpacks the notion of intelligence itself—what sort humans have, and what sort AI aims at. Smith worries that, impressed by AI's reckoning prowess, we will shift our expectations of human intelligence. What we should do, he argues, is learn to use AI for the reckoning tasks at which it excels while we strengthen our commitment to judgment, ethics, and the world.




Artificial Unintelligence


Book Description

A guide to understanding the inner workings and outer limits of technology and why we should never assume that computers always get it right. In Artificial Unintelligence, Meredith Broussard argues that our collective enthusiasm for applying computer technology to every aspect of life has resulted in a tremendous amount of poorly designed systems. We are so eager to do everything digitally—hiring, driving, paying bills, even choosing romantic partners—that we have stopped demanding that our technology actually work. Broussard, a software developer and journalist, reminds us that there are fundamental limits to what we can (and should) do with technology. With this book, she offers a guide to understanding the inner workings and outer limits of technology—and issues a warning that we should never assume that computers always get things right. Making a case against technochauvinism—the belief that technology is always the solution—Broussard argues that it's just not true that social problems would inevitably retreat before a digitally enabled Utopia. To prove her point, she undertakes a series of adventures in computer programming. She goes for an alarming ride in a driverless car, concluding “the cyborg future is not coming any time soon”; uses artificial intelligence to investigate why students can't pass standardized tests; deploys machine learning to predict which passengers survived the Titanic disaster; and attempts to repair the U.S. campaign finance system by building AI software. If we understand the limits of what we can do with technology, Broussard tells us, we can make better choices about what we should do with it to make the world better for everyone.




Les intelligences artificielles au prisme de la justice sociale. Considering Artificial Intelligence Through the Lens of Social Justice


Book Description

Cet ouvrage vient clôturer deux années de réflexion intensive sur les enjeux à l’intersection entre la justice sociale et les technologies d’IA. Une compréhension de ces impacts sociétaux dépasse alors l’aspect technique pour se concentrer principalement sur le fait social.




Artificial Intelligence in Medicine


Book Description

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME 2019, held in Poznan, Poland, in June 2019. The 22 revised full and 31 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 134 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: deep learning; simulation; knowledge representation; probabilistic models; behavior monitoring; clustering, natural language processing, and decision support; feature selection; image processing; general machine learning; and unsupervised learning.




The Democratization of Artificial Intelligence


Book Description

After a long time of neglect, Artificial Intelligence is once again at the center of most of our political, economic, and socio-cultural debates. Recent advances in the field of Artifical Neural Networks have led to a renaissance of dystopian and utopian speculations on an AI-rendered future. Algorithmic technologies are deployed for identifying potential terrorists through vast surveillance networks, for producing sentencing guidelines and recidivism risk profiles in criminal justice systems, for demographic and psychographic targeting of bodies for advertising or propaganda, and more generally for automating the analysis of language, text, and images. Against this background, the aim of this book is to discuss the heterogenous conditions, implications, and effects of modern AI and Internet technologies in terms of their political dimension: What does it mean to critically investigate efforts of net politics in the age of machine learning algorithms?




Artificial Intelligence for Space: AI4SPACE


Book Description

The new age space value chain is a complex interconnected system with diverse actors, which involves cross-sector and cross-border collaborations. This book helps to enrich the knowledge of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across the value chain in the space-related domains. Advancements of AI and Machine Learning have impactfully supported the space sector transformation as it is shown in the book. "This book embarks on a journey through the fascinating realm of AI in space, exploring its profound implications, emerging trends, and transformative potential." Prof. Dr. Oliver Ullrich - Director Innovation Cluster Space and Aviaton (UZH Space Hub), University of Zurich, Switzerland Aimed at space engineers, risk analysts, policy makers, technical experts and non-specialists, this book demonstrates insights into the implementation of AI in the space sector, alongside its limitations and use-case examples. It covers diverse AI-related topics applicable to space technologies or space big data such as AI-based technologies for improving Earth Observation big data, AI for space robotics exploration, AI for astrophysics, AI for emerging in-orbit servicing market, and AI for space tourism safety improvement. Key Features: Provides an interdisciplinary approach, with chapter contributions from expert teams working in the governmental or private space sectors, with valuable contributions from computer scientists and legal experts Presents insights into AI implementation and how to unlock AI technologies in the field Up-to-date with the latest developments and cutting-edge applications




Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity and Cyber Defence


Book Description

The aim of the book is to analyse and understand the impacts of artificial intelligence in the fields of national security and defense; to identify the political, geopolitical, strategic issues of AI; to analyse its place in conflicts and cyberconflicts, and more generally in the various forms of violence; to explain the appropriation of artificial intelligence by military organizations, but also law enforcement agencies and the police; to discuss the questions that the development of artificial intelligence and its use raise in armies, police, intelligence agencies, at the tactical, operational and strategic levels.




Artificial Intelligence versus Human Intelligence


Book Description

This book showcases the fascinating but problematic relationship between human intelligence and artificial intelligence: AI is often discussed in the media, as if bodiless intelligence could exist, without a consciousness, without an unconscious, without thoughts. Using a wealth of anecdotes, data from academic literature, and original research, this short book examines in what circumstances robots can replace humans, and demonstrates that by operating beyond direct human control, strong artificial intelligence may pose serious problems, paving the way for all manner of extrapolations, for example implanting silicon chips in the brains of a privileged caste, and exposing the significant gap still present between the proponents of "singularity" and certain philosophers. With insights from mathematics, cognitive neuroscience and philosophy, it enables readers to understand and continue this open debate on AI, which presents concrete ethical problems for which meaningful answers are still in their infancy.




AI 2001: Advances in Artificial Intelligence


Book Description

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AI 2001, held in Adelaide, Australia, in December 2001. The 55 revised full papers presented together with one invited contribution were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 100 submissions. The papers cover the whole range of artificial intelligence from theoretical and foundational issues to advanced applications in a variety of fields.