Intercultural Marketing. The Impact of Culture on the Marketing-Mix


Book Description

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 2.3, University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden Rüsselsheim Geisenheim, language: English, abstract: The objective of this presented bachelor thesis is to demonstrate how culture affects international marketing activities, thus portray the marketing intercultural branch. In other words, the reader will gain an idea of the importance of culture in the strategic marketing planning. From a marketing point of view, it is recognizable that worldwide interdependence of economies has partly created homogeneity of business operations, but the world is still comprised of cultural differences and specificity and various consumer behaviors and needs. Bearing this fact in mind, enterprises integrate culture more and more into international marketing activities, especially when doing business in an environment full of cultural diversity. The question of a strategic choice is raised at this point. Active international corporations have to decide whether to standardize or to adapt to marketing-mix activities. This leads to the following questions: which factors determine businesses choice for a differentiated or a standardized strategy in marketing mix activities? To what extent can companies standardize goods and services? Is standardization relevant for all marketing mix activities and for all foreign target markets? Is it a necessary for the active international firm to adapt their activities to each national culture? How important is the impact of culture on marketing-mix? The presented paper will provide some preliminary answers to these questions with an emphasis on marketing-mix elements and will investigate whether and to what extent culture should be considered as a strategic key success factor.




Intercultural Marketing


Book Description

With companies actively marketing products and services beyond their borders, marketers must understand culturally ingrained consumer behavior throughout the world. Focusing on psychological and social dimensions of these behaviors, this textbook brings together academic research and contemporary case studies from marketing practice. Built on a strong, cross-disciplinary theoretical foundation and extensive practice experience, this concisely written text is a practical guide to understanding the intricacies of cultural influence on consumption, and for the design and implementation of effective intercultural marketing strategies, focused on branding and promotion. The book uses representative, well-known corporate cases while also including dynamic examples from the sharing economy, blockchain, and emerging economy companies. Incorporating strategy, sociology, linguistics, cross-cultural communications, psychology, philosophy, religious studies, and economics, the book is particularly distinguished from the mainstream by introducing non-Western frameworks. Upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate students of marketing and international business will benefit from the book’s new concepts and novel methods, as well as clear objectives, examples, and discussion topics in each chapter. Instructors will appreciate the inclusion of a semester-long project for students, allowing them to wear the "practitioner’s hat" and including practice in a netnographic research method.




Marketing Across Cultures


Book Description

Back Cover Copy-Usunier "This book is noteworthy in its content and approach as well as in generating class discussion on intercultural marketing relations, exchange, and communications. With the diversity in world markets and the importance of having locally-specific understanding of markets and consumers, it is a welcome resource for teaching students who can either relate it to their own intercultural experiences or who have never had intercultural experiences themselves." Guliz Ger, Professor of Marketing, Faculty of Business Administration, Bilkent University, Turkey International marketing relationships have to be built on solid foundations. Transaction costs in international trade are high--only a stable and firmly established link between business people can enable them to overcome disagreements and conflicts of interest. "Marketing Across Cultures, 4e" uses a successful two-stage cultural approach to explore International Marketing. - A cross-cultural approach which compares marketing systems and local commercial customs in various countries - An inter-cultural approach which studies the interaction between business peoples of different national cultures "I used "Marketing Across Cultures" in courses in five different countries with students from more than 35 nations. The book provides a stimulating view on international marketing issues and at the same time allows in an excellent way to sensitize and train students for intercultural work, which has become the norm for most medium-sized and large companies." Prof. Dr. Hartmut H. Holzmuller., Chair of Marketing Universityof Dortmund, Germany Invaluable to all undergraduate, postgraduate and MBA students studying International Marketing and for marketing practitioners who wish to improve their cultural awareness, "Marketing Across Cultures, 4e" is essential reading. New to This Edition! Rewritten extensively in an effort to make the book as accessible as possible, co-author Julie Lee from Australia helps bring a Euro-Australasian perspective to the table. New materials includes: - The internet revolution and its impact on international marketing - Additional web references that allow in-depth and updated access to cultural and business information - New cases with web-based references, including Muslim Cola (Chapter 6), Bollywood (Chapter 8), BrandUSA: Selling Uncle Sam Like Uncle Ben's? (Chapter 14) and more! To access the robust web materials go to: www.booksites.net/usunier. Jean-Claude Usunier is a professor of Marketing and International Business at the University of Lausanne - Graduate School of Commerce (HEC) and at the University Louis-Pasteur (Strasbourg, France). Julie Lee is a Senior Lecturer in Marketing at the Graduate School of Management, University of Western Australia.




Culture Management


Book Description

"Dr Lukasz Wroblewski's book Culture Management: Strategy and Marketing Aspects clearly recognises that the pressures on the cultural sector in the 21st Century are greater than ever before. Based on robust academic research within a practical industry context, this book addresses all the key issues related to marketing strategy and planning for the cultural industries. It will be an invaluable tool for managers, policy-makers and all those working in the creative and cultural world, and will help them to develop sound strategies for the future." Dr Kim Lehman Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania "Dr Wroblewski's book explains clearly what has changed to make the use of business models necessary, even in organizations which might have resisted in the past. Globalization has resulted in a population which understands and appreciates art and culture created in other countries. While it might be agreed that this is beneficial for society, it means that cultural arbitrators within a country no longer have the authority to dictate what is accepted as culture. Managers now understand that to gain the support of the public they must explain the benefits of consuming their cultural product." Dr Bonita M. Kolb Professor Emeritus of Lycoming College in Pennsylvania "A thoughtful and penetrating analysis of culture management addressing marketing strategies and cultural institutions. An important `must read' book for those involved in this exciting sector." Prof Adrian Payne University of UNSW Business School, University of New South Wales




Analysis of Cultural Differences and their Effects on Marketing Products in the United States of America and Germany: A Cultural Approach to Marketing using Edward T. Hall and Geert Hofstede


Book Description

“Companies that do not adapt to the new global realities will become victims of those that do.” In this quote Theodor Levitt, a former professor at the Harvard Business School, points out that companies all over the world need to deal with a process which has changed the way they carry on a business in many ways. The process, namely globalisation, takes advantages as well as disadvantages, not only for the business world but also for the individual. The importance to face globalisation has always been there but, it has increased with the evolving stages of globalisation. Ever since this process started, companies have tried to derive advantage from globalisation while at the same time they had to deal with the disadvantages. For marketers in particular, this process seems to offer a lot of potential for the exploration of new markets and customers. However, the questions determining the success or failure of a marketing campaign are more complex than in domestic marketing. Accordingly, the terms international and global marketing are strongly connected to globalisation, and have become a key factor for the success of companies. Corporations that want belong to these successful multi-national companies (MNC), or global players certainly have to deal with the different issues that come along with marketing products in other countries. These can have a significant impact on international operations but also on the overall performance of a company. Since a company’s approach to these issues determines the success or failure in marketing a product abroad, these situations have to be addressed at an early stage. Among others, cultural differences are one of the major obstacles that have to be considered in international marketing. Every culture has its own individual values, behaviours, ways of thinking, lifestyle and language which make it unique. Accordingly, companies have two different possibilities to deal with that process. At first, standardisation, an identical marketing plan is used across different cultures, and secondly, adaptation, appropriate adjustments are made to the special cultural environment of the target market. It is therefore important for a marketer to be aware of these differences, and to use the right tools to advertise products successfully in multiple, varied cultural environments. This study provides a comprehensive framework of cultural differences in the USA and Germany, and analyses how companies should conceive their [...]




International Marketing


Book Description

Marketing is a universal activity that is widely applicable, regardless of the political, social or economic systems of a particular country. However, this doesn't mean that consumers in different parts of the world should be satisified in the same way. The 4th edition of International Marketing has been written to enable managers and scholars to meet the international challenges they face everyday. It provides the solid foundation required to understand the complexities of marketing on a global scale. The book has been fully updated with topical case studies, examples of contemporary marketing campaigns, the most relevant discussion topics as well as the most up-to-date theories, references and research findings. It is this combination of theory and practice that makes this textbook truly unique, presenting a fully rounded view of the topic rather than an anecodotal or descriptive one alone. The book includes chapters on: * Trade distortions and marketing barriers * Political and legal environments * Culture * Consumer behaviour * Marketing research * Promotion and pricing strategies * Currencies and foreign exchange Accessibly written and designed, this book is the most international book on marketing available that can be used by undergraduates and postgraduates the world over. A companion website provides additional material for lecturers and students alike.




Cross-Cultural Aspects of Tourism and Hospitality


Book Description

Cross-Cultural Aspects of Tourism and Hospitality is the first textbook to offer students, lecturers, researchers and practitioners a comprehensive guide to the influence of culture on service providers as well as on customers, affecting both the supply and the demand sides of the industry – organisational behaviour, and human resource management, and marketing and consumer behaviour. Given the need for delivering superior customer value, understanding different cultures from both demand and supply sides of tourism and hospitality and the impact of culture on these international industries is an essential part of all students’ and practitioners’ learning and development. This book takes a research-based approach critically reviewing seminal cultural theories and evaluating how these influence employee and customer behaviour in service encounters, marketing, and management processes and activities. Individual chapters cover a diverse range of cultural aspects including intercultural competence and intercultural sensitivity, uncertainty and risk avoidance, context in communication, power distance, indulgence and restraint, time orientation, gender, assertiveness, individualism and collectivism, performance orientation, and humane orientation. This book integrates international case studies throughout to show the application of theory, includes self-test questions, activities, further reading, and a set of PowerPoint slides to accompany each chapter. This will be essential reading for all students, lecturers, researchers and practitioners and future managers in the fields of Tourism and Hospitality.




Consumer Behavior and Culture


Book Description

Marieke de Mooij answers the fundamental questions about consumption in this new edition, using her own model of consumer behavior that integrates culture in the self, in personality and in people’s relationships with others.




International Marketing Mix Management


Book Description

For years academicians and marketing directors have debated the marketing standardisation versus adaptation of international marketing strategy. Despite the great importance of the topic, the debate remains unresolved. At the same time, the continuing globalisation of markets and the growing importance of the emerging BRIC markets make an optimal management of international marketing efforts a necessity. Therefore, this study offers - on the basis of a solid theoretical framework and sound methodological operationalization - empirical findings on how to successfully manage both, the international marketing mix and the related marketing process in world markets. In particular, the marketing strategy pursued by multinational corporations are analysed and compared as well as empirical findings relating to financial and non-financial performance measures are provided.




Cultural Strategy


Book Description

How do we explain the breakthrough market success of businesses like Nike, Starbucks, Ben & Jerry's, and Jack Daniel's? Conventional models of strategy and innovation simply don't work. The most influential ideas on innovation are shaped by the worldview of engineers and economists - build a better mousetrap and the world will take notice. Holt and Cameron challenge this conventional wisdom and take an entirely different approach: champion a better ideology and the world will take notice as well. Holt and Cameron build a powerful new theory of cultural innovation. Brands in mature categories get locked into a form of cultural mimicry, what the authors call a cultural orthodoxy. Historical changes in society create demand for new culture - ideological opportunities that upend this orthodoxy. Cultural innovations repurpose cultural content lurking in subcultures to respond to this emerging demand, leapfrogging entrenched incumbents. Cultural Strategy guides managers and entrepreneurs on how to leverage ideological opportunities: - How managers can use culture to out-innovate their competitors - How entrepreneurs can identify new market opportunities that big companies miss - How underfunded challengers can win against category Goliaths - How technology businesses can avoid commoditization - How social entrepreneurs can develop businesses that appeal to more than just fellow activists - How subcultural brands can break out of the 'cultural chasm' to mass market success - How global brands can pursue cross-cultural strategies to succeed in local markets - How organizations can maximize their innovation capabilities by avoiding the brand bureaucracy trap Written by leading authorities on branding in the world today, along with one of the advertising industry's leading visionaries, Cultural Strategy transforms what has always been treated as the "intuitive" side of market innovation into a systematic strategic discipline.