Intermolecular Interactions in Crystals


Book Description

The field of crystal engineering concerns the design and synthesis of molecular crystals with desired properties. This requires an in-depth understanding of the intermolecular interactions within crystal structures. This new book brings together the latest information and theories about intermolecular bonding, providing an introductory text for graduates. The book is divided into three parts. The first part covers the nature, physical meaning and methods for identification and analysis of intermolecular bonds. The second part explains the different types of bond known to occur in molecular crystals, with each chapter written by a specialist in that specific bond type. The final part discusses the cooperativity effects of different bond types present in one solid. This comprehensive textbook will provide a valuable resource for all students and researchers in the field of crystallography, materials science and supramolecular chemistry.




Intermolecular Interactions in Crystals


Book Description

This new book brings together the latest information on intermolecular bonding within molecular crystals, providing a very useful introductory text for graduates.




Pharmaceutical Crystals


Book Description

An important resource that puts the focus on understanding and handling of organic crystals in drug development Since a majority of pharmaceutical solid-state materials are organic crystals, their handling and processing are critical aspects of drug development. Pharmaceutical Crystals: Science and Engineering offers an introduction to and thorough coverage of organic crystals, and explores the essential role they play in drug development and manufacturing. Written contributions from leading researchers and practitioners in the field, this vital resource provides the fundamental knowledge and explains the connection between pharmaceutically relevant properties and the structure of a crystal. Comprehensive in scope, the text covers a range of topics including: crystallization, molecular interactions, polymorphism, analytical methods, processing, and chemical stability. The authors clearly show how to find solutions for pharmaceutical form selection and crystallization processes. Designed to be an accessible guide, this book represents a valuable resource for improving the drug development process of small drug molecules. This important text: Includes the most important aspects of solid-state organic chemistry and its role in drug development Offers solutions for pharmaceutical form selection and crystallization processes Contains a balance between the scientific fundamental and pharmaceutical applications Presents coverage of crystallography, molecular interactions, polymorphism, analytical methods, processing, and chemical stability Written for both practicing pharmaceutical scientists, engineers, and senior undergraduate and graduate students studying pharmaceutical solid-state materials, Pharmaceutical Crystals: Science and Engineering is a reference and textbook for understanding, producing, analyzing, and designing organic crystals which is an imperative skill to master for anyone working in the field.




Understanding Intermolecular Interactions in the Solid State


Book Description

Technological and computational advances in the past decade have meant a vast increase in the study of crystalline matter in both organic, inorganic and organometallic molecules. These studies revealed information about the conformation of molecules and their coordination geometry as well as the role of intermolecular interactions in molecular packing especially in the presence of different intermolecular interactions in solids. This resulting knowledge plays a significant role in the design of improved medicinal, mechanical, and electronic properties of single and multi-component solids in their crystalline state. Understanding Intermolecular Interactions in the Solid State explores the different techniques used to investigate the interactions, including hydrogen and halogen bonds, lone pair–pi, and pi–pi interactions, and their role in crystal formation. From experimental to computational approaches, the book covers the latest techniques in crystallography, ranging from high pressure and in situ crystallization to crystal structure prediction and charge density analysis. Thus this book provides a strong introductory platform to those new to this field and an overview for those already working in the area. A useful resource for higher level undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers across crystal engineering, crystallography, physical chemistry, solid-state chemistry, supramolecular chemistry and materials science.




The Importance of Pi-Interactions in Crystal Engineering


Book Description

Crystal engineers aim to control the way molecules aggregate in the crystalline phase and are therefore concerned with crystal structure prediction, polymorphism, and discovering the relative importance of different types of intermolecular forces and their influence on molecular structure. In order to design crystal structures, knowledge of the types, strengths, and nature of possible intermolecular interactions is essential. Non-covalent interactions involving p-systems is a theme that is under extensive investigation as these interactions can be inductors for the assembly of a vast array of supramolecular architectures. The Importance of Pi-Interactions in Crystal Engineeringcovers topics ranging from the identification of interactions involving p-systems, their impact on molecular and crystal structure in both organic and metallorganic systems, and how these interactions might be exploited in the design of new materials. Specialist reviews are written by internationally recognized researchers drawn from both academia and industry. The Importance of Pi-Interactions in Crystal Engineeringprovides an essential overview of this important aspect of crystal engineering for both entrants to the field as well as established practitioners, and for those working in crystallography, medicinal and pharmaceutical sciences, solid-state chemistry, physical chemistry, materials and nanotechnology




The Importance of Pi-Interactions in Crystal Engineering


Book Description

Crystal engineers aim to control the way molecules aggregate in the crystalline phase and are therefore concerned with crystal structure prediction, polymorphism, and discovering the relative importance of different types of intermolecular forces and their influence on molecular structure. In order to design crystal structures, knowledge of the types, strengths, and nature of possible intermolecular interactions is essential. Non-covalent interactions involving p-systems is a theme that is under extensive investigation as these interactions can be inductors for the assembly of a vast array of supramolecular architectures. The Importance of Pi-Interactions in Crystal Engineeringcovers topics ranging from the identification of interactions involving p-systems, their impact on molecular and crystal structure in both organic and metallorganic systems, and how these interactions might be exploited in the design of new materials. Specialist reviews are written by internationally recognized researchers drawn from both academia and industry. The Importance of Pi-Interactions in Crystal Engineeringprovides an essential overview of this important aspect of crystal engineering for both entrants to the field as well as established practitioners, and for those working in crystallography, medicinal and pharmaceutical sciences, solid-state chemistry, physical chemistry, materials and nanotechnology







Molecular Crystals


Book Description

There has been an explosion of interest in the study of molecular crystals, and their applications in optics and electronics. This advanced 1994 textbook describes their chemical and physical structure, their optical and electronic properties and the reactions between neighbouring molecules in crystals. The author has taken into account research areas which have undergone extremely rapid development since the first edition was published in 1987. For instance, this edition features the applications of molecular materials in high-technology devices. There is also an additional chapter on C60 and organic non-linear optic materials. The level of treatment is aimed at first-year postgraduates or workers in industrial research laboratories wishing to gain insights into organic solid state materials. Molecular Crystals is also suitable for special topics in final year undergraduate courses in chemistry, physics and electronic engineering.




The Theory of Intermolecular Forces


Book Description

The theory of intermolecular forces has advanced very greatly in recent years. It has become possible to carry out accurate calculations of intermolecular forces for molecules of useful size, and to apply the results to important practical applications such as understanding protein structure and function, and predicting the structures of molecular crystals. The Theory of Intermolecular Forces sets out the mathematical techniques that are needed to describe and calculate intermolecular interactions and to handle the more elaborate mathematical models. It describes the methods that are used to calculate them, including recent developments in the use of density functional theory and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory. The use of higher-rank multipole moments to describe electrostatic interactions is explained in both Cartesian and spherical tensor formalism, and methods that avoid the multipole expansion are also discussed. Modern ab initio perturbation theory methods for the calculation of intermolecular interactions are discussed in detail, and methods for calculating properties of molecular clusters and condensed matter for comparison with experiment are surveyed.




Intermolecular Interactions


Book Description

The subject of this book — intermolecular interactions — is as important in physics as in chemistry and molecular biology. Intermolecular interactions are responsible for the existence of liquids and solids in nature. They determine the physical and chemical properties of gases, liquids, and crystals, the stability of chemical complexes and biological compounds. In the first two chapters of this book, the detailed qualitative description of different types of intermolecular forces at large, intermediate and short-range distances is presented. For the first time in the monographic literature, the temperature dependence of the dispersion forces is discussed, and it is shown that at finite temperatures the famous Casimir-Polder asymptotic formula is correct only at narrow distance range. The author has aimed to make the presentation understandable to a broad scope of readers without oversimplification. In Chapter 3, the methods of quantitative calculation of the intermolecular interactions are discussed and modern achievements are presented. This chapter should be helpful for scientists performing computer calculations of many-electron systems. The last two chapters are devoted to the many-body effects and model potentials. More than 50 model potentials exploited for processing experimental data and computer simulation in different fields of physics, chemistry and molecular biology are represented. The widely used global optimisation methods: simulated annealing, diffusion equation method, basin-hopping algorithm, and genetic algorithm are described in detail. Significant efforts have been made to present the book in a self-sufficient way for readers. All the necessary mathematical apparatus, including vector and tensor calculus and the elements of the group theory, as well as the main methods used for quantal calculation of many-electron systems are presented in the appendices.