Author : European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 40,49 MB
Release : 1998-07-17
Category :
ISBN : 9264163182
This report summarises the theoretical and practical dimensions to internalisation; reviews recent estimates of external costs; explores the mix of policies that might be used to promote internalisation successfully; and estimates the size of incentives required in monetary terms.
Author : European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Publisher : ECMT
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 21,12 MB
Release : 1994
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :
Soziale Kosten / externe Kosten.
Author : Peter Bickel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 35,58 MB
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 3662043297
Transport is very important for the economy and our welfare. However, transport also causes a lot of problems, including air pollution. Such problems should be taken into account, when making decisions. A prerequisite for doing so is, that the impacts are known, quantitatively measured and allocated to the different activities in transport. Furthermore, they should be transformed into monetary units to be used as a basis for cost-benefit analyses or as an aid for setting taxes and charges, that reflect the external costs. This book describes a methodology for calculating impacts of transport activities and external costs caused by air pollution and presents numerous applications of this methodology for different transport technologies, locations and policy case studies. The approach has been developed and results have been calculated within the research project 'ExternE Core/Transport', financed to a large extent by the European Commission, Directorate General Research. We would like to thank especially Pierre Vallette and Pekka Jarviletho from the EC for their advice and support. A considerable number of experts with expertise in the different disciplines of this highly interdisciplinary work contributed to this book. The editors would like to thank the authors (see list on p. XV) for their contributions; it is especially remarkable, that the authors helped to make this book an integrated whole instead of a number of independent contributions.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 23,7 MB
Release : 2019
Category :
ISBN : 9789290847328
Personal and goods transport entail a significant societal and economic cost in the form of environmental and human health impacts, accidents, congestion, as well as infrastructure wear and tear. These costs are, however, largely unaccounted for in the price that transport users pay today. In the absence of a dedicated fiscal and policy framework, transport users thus currently do not consider external costs as part of their travel decisions. Back in 2011 the European Commission acknowledged in its White Paper the importance of implementing 'fair and efficient transport pricing'. Consequently, a number of ongoing legislative processes, most notably the revision of the Eurovignette Directive on road pricing, aim to enact the long standing 'user pays' and 'polluter pays' principles. Yet, while there is agreement over the general principles, the specific policy design is still to be determined. The French government's recent backing down on a tax proposal that would have seen fuel prices increase by just under 3% shows how difficult it is to impose any economic pain in the name of tackling climate change. This calls for careful design and implementation of fiscal policy measures in order to ensure public acceptance, equity and social inclusion. Cost reflective price signals are key to incentivising more efficient transport, while enabling consumers and industry actors to make informed purchase and investment decisions. The adequate internalisation of transport's external and infrastructure costs offers important benefits in terms of promoting a more efficient use of the infrastructures, reducing the transport sector's contribution to CO2 emissions, air and noise pollution, while securing fairness for transport users.
Author : European Commission
Publisher :
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 13,94 MB
Release : 1995
Category :
ISBN :
The objectives of this research project carried out within the frame of the EU Environmental Research Programme were: providing a method to calculate avoidance costs of air pollution, climate change and noise caused by transport in the EU et discussing possible instruments for internalisation, assessing some selected instruments in more detail and discussing the use of avoidance cost assessments for internalisation.
Author : Neil Kinnock
Publisher :
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 38,3 MB
Release : 1996
Category :
ISBN :
Author : European Commission
Publisher :
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 44,14 MB
Release : 1996
Category : Transportation
ISBN :
Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 46,74 MB
Release : 2020
Category :
ISBN : 9789276181842
This updated Handbook on external costs of transport has been developed in the study 'Sustainable Transport Infrastructure Charging and Internalisation of Transport Externalities' commissioned by the European Commission DG MOVE, by a consortium led by CE Delft. The objective of this study is to assess the extent to which the 'user pays' and the 'polluter pays' principles are implemented in EU Member States and in other developed countries. This will allow DG MOVE to take stock of the progress of Member States towards the goal of full internalisation of external (and infrastructure) costs of transport and to identify options for further internalisation. The full list of deliverables of this study are: -- Handbook on external costs - version 2019 (current report). - This report provides an overview of the methodologies and input values that can be used to provide state-of-the-art estimates for all main external costs of transport. Furthermore, the report and corresponding excel file present the total, average and marginal external costs for all relevant countries. -- Overview of transport infrastructure expenditures and costs. - This report provides an overview of the infrastructure costs of all transport modes in all relevant countries. -- Transport taxes and charges in Europe - An overview study of economic internalisation measures applied in Europe. - This study provides an overview of the structure and level of transport taxes and charges applied for the various transport modes in the EU28 Member States (and the other relevant countries). Furthermore, this study presents the total revenues from transport taxes and charges for the various transport modes and countries. -- The state of play of internalisation in the European transport sector. - This report shows the extent to which external and infrastructure costs are internalised by current taxes and charges for all countries and transport modes.It also investigates recommended options for further internalisation. -- Summary report. - Providing an overview of the main findings of the other four deliverables.
Author : Dieter Schmidtchen
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 34,88 MB
Release : 2009
Category :
ISBN :
The European Commission mandated the consulting firm CE Delft to develop a framework for the internalisation of external costs and to devise a number of potential internalisation scenarios for further analysis. The results of their preliminary research are published in a CE discussion paper, and the Commission is now formulating draft legislative proposals which will be subjected to a consultation of stakeholders. The present report offers a critical assessment of the above mentioned CE study, provides a theoretical examination of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the polluter pays principle and the cheapest cost avoider principle in relation to the problems arising in the road transport sector, demonstrates how the cheapest cost avoider principle can be applied in practice by providing examples of external costs in road transport, and puts forward recommendations for the appropriate principles that should guide the Commission's further activities in this area.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,43 MB
Release : 2012
Category :
ISBN :
