Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing


Book Description

Updated and translated by André Luiz V. da Costa e Silva This book is a combination of a metallographic atlas for steels and cast irons and an introductory textbook covering the fundamentals of phase transformations and heat treatment of these materials. Every important stage of processing, from casting to cold working is clearly discussed and copiously illustrated with metallographs that show the obtained structures, both desired and those achieved when deviations occur. First published in 1951 by Professor Hubertus Colpaert from the Institute for Technological Research (IPT) of São Paulo, Brazil, this book became one of the most important Brazilian references for professionals interested in the processing, treatment, and application of steels and cast irons. In the Fourth Edition and English translation, updated and translated by Professor André Luiz V. da Costa e Silva, the concept of the of the original edition was preserved while the important developments of recent decades, both in metallographic characterization and in steel and iron products, as well as progress in the understanding of the transformations that made the extraordinary developments of these alloys possible, were added. Most metallographs are of actual industrial materials and a large number originate from industry leaders or laboratories at the forefront of steel and iron development. As steel continues to be the most widely used metallic material in the world, Metallography of Steels continues to be an essential reference for students, metallographers, and engineers interested in understanding processing-properties-structure relationships of the material. The balance between theoretical and applied information makes this book a valuable companion for even experienced steel practitioners.




Interpretation of Metallographic Structures


Book Description

Interpretation of Metallographic Structures, Second Edition describes the features of metallographic structures using an optical reflection microscope. This book is divided into six chapters and starts with an examination of the polycrystalline structures, subgrain boundaries, and an overview of cold and hot working, as well as recrystallization and grain growth. The next chapter explores the metallography of fracture, which involves visual inspection, low-power stereoptic light microscopy, polished-section light-reflection microscopy, and the scanning electron microscope. This topic is followed by discussions of the different types of crystallizations, the mechanism of solid-state transformation, and the diffusion and other transport processes. The last chapter involves the measurement aspects in metallography, including measurement of grain and particles sizes, as well as their distribution. This book is intended primarily to metallurgists and researchers.




Interpretation of Metallographic Structures


Book Description

Interpretation of Metallographic Structures, Third Edition, is concerned with metallography as a metallurgical tool. It is an organized presentation of specimen microstructures, each chosen for its clarity of illustration and each or in groups forming the pretext for discussions of the interrelation between physical metallurgy and metallography. The focus is on structures characteristic in a physical metallurgy sense, with the purpose of demonstrating that logical framework of interpretation can supplant mental storage of infinite variations. The book contains seven chapters and begins with a discussion of polycrystalline structures. This is followed by separate chapters on the metallography of fracture; crystallization processes including dendritic crystallization, peritectic crystallization, and metastable crystallization; solid state transformations; diffusion and transport processes; procedures for measuring metallographic features; and energy dispersive spectography. This book is directed toward the senior student as a preview of the scope of his subject and to the practicing metallurgist as a reintroduction.




Metallography and Microstructure in Ancient and Historic Metals


Book Description

David A. Scott provides a detailed introduction to the structure and morphology of ancient and historic metallic materials. Much of the scientific research on this important topic has been inaccessible, scattered throughout the international literature, or unpublished; this volume, although not exhaustive in its coverage, fills an important need by assembling much of this information in a single source. Jointly published by the GCI and the J. Paul Getty Museum, the book deals with many practical matters relating to the mounting, preparation, etching, polishing, and microscopy of metallic samples and includes an account of the way in which phase diagrams can be used to assist in structural interpretation. The text is supplemented by an extensive number of microstructural studies carried out in the laboratory on ancient and historic metals. The student beginning the study of metallic materials and the conservation scientist who wishes to carry out structural studies of metallic objects of art will find this publication quite useful.




Metallographer's Guide


Book Description

This book provides a solid overview of the important metallurgical concepts related to the microstructures of irons and steels, and it provides detailed guidelines for the proper metallographic techniques used to reveal, capture, and understand microstructures. This book provides clearly written explanations of important concepts, and step-by-step instructions for equipment selection and use, microscopy techniques, specimen preparation, and etching. Dozens of concise and helpful “metallographic tips” are included in the chapters on laboratory practices and specimen preparation. The book features over 500 representative microstructures, with discussions of how the structures can be altered by heat treatment and other means. A handy index to these images is provided, so the book can also be used as an atlas of iron and steel microstructures.




Metallography in Archaeology and Art


Book Description

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the metallographic study of ancient metals. Metallography is important both conceptually as a microstructural science and in terms of its application to the study of ancient and historic metals. Metallography is a well-established methodology for the characterization of the microstructure of metals, which continues to be significant today in quality control and characterization of metallic properties. Not only does the metallographic examination of ancient metals present its own challenges in terms of sample size and interpretation of evidence, but it must be integrated with archaeological data and cultural research in order to obtain the most meaningful results. Issues of authentication and the establishment of fakes and forgeries of metallic artefacts often involve metallographic evidence of both metal and patina or corrosion interface, as an essential component of such a study. The present volume sets out the basic features of relevant metallic systems, enhanced with a series of examples of typical microstructural types, with illustrative case studies and examples throughout the text derived from studies undertaken by the two authors. This book provides a comprehensive presentation of metallography for archaeologists, archaeometallurgists, conservators, conservation scientists and metallurgists of modern materials.







Phase Diagrams


Book Description

This well-written text is for non-metallurgists and anyone seeking a quick refresher on an essential tool of modern metallurgy. The basic principles, construction, interpretation, and use of alloy phase diagrams are clearly described with ample illustrations for all important liquid and solid reactions. Gas-metal reactions, important in metals processing and in-service corrosion, also are discussed. Get the basics on how phase diagrams help predict and interpret the changes in the structure of alloys.