Introduction to Functional Safety as a guide to ISO 26262


Book Description

Picture this scenario: You're cruising down the highway, your hands lightly gripping the steering wheel, and your mind wandering in the symphony of your favorite songs. The sun's golden rays bathe your vehicle in warmth, creating the perfect driving experience. Yet, beneath this serene surface, a complex network of systems is diligently at work to ensure your safety. The brakes are ready to respond to your slightest command; airbags stand ready to deploy in milliseconds if the unexpected happens; and the engine hums along, reliably transporting you to your destination. This harmony, this dance of safety and technology, is precisely what functional safety in the automotive industry is all about. Functional safety is not an optional accessory; it's the foundation upon which the entire automotive world rests. The vehicles we drive today are marvels of modern engineering, packed with intricate electronics and software that optimize performance, enhance comfort, and increase fuel efficiency. However, this evolution brings an indispensable responsibility - ensuring that these sophisticated systems do not compromise our safety. This is where functional safety takes center stage.




Automotive Software Architectures


Book Description

This book introduces the concept of software architecture as one of the cornerstones of software in modern cars. Following a historical overview of the evolution of software in modern cars and a discussion of the main challenges driving that evolution, Chapter 2 describes the main architectural styles of automotive software and their use in cars’ software. Chapter 3 details this further by presenting two modern architectural styles, i.e. centralized and federated software architectures. In Chapter 4, readers will find a description of the software development processes used to develop software on the car manufacturers’ side. Chapter 5 then introduces AUTOSAR – an important standard in automotive software. Chapter 6 goes beyond simple architecture and describes the detailed design process for automotive software using Simulink, helping readers to understand how detailed design links to high-level design. The new chapter 7 reports on how machine learning is exploited in automotive software e.g. for image recognition and how both on-board and off-board learning are applied. Next, Chapter 8 presents a method for assessing the quality of the architecture – ATAM (Architecture Trade-off Analysis Method) – and provides a sample assessment, while Chapter 9 presents an alternative way of assessing the architecture, namely by using quantitative measures and indicators. Subsequently Chapter 10 dives deeper into one of the specific properties discussed in Chapter 8 – safety – and details an important standard in that area, the ISO/IEC 26262 norm. Lastly, Chapter 11 presents a set of future trends that are currently emerging and have the potential to shape automotive software engineering in the coming years. This book explores the concept of software architecture for modern cars and is intended for both beginning and advanced software designers. It mainly aims at two different groups of audience – professionals working with automotive software who need to understand concepts related to automotive architectures, and students of software engineering or related fields who need to understand the specifics of automotive software to be able to construct cars or their components. Accordingly, the book also contains a wealth of real-world examples illustrating the concepts discussed and requires no prior background in the automotive domain. Compared to the first edition, besides the two new chapters 3 and 7 there are considerable updates in chapters 5 and 8 especially.




Functional Safety in Modern Mobility: ISO 26262 and Beyond


Book Description

Explore this comprehensive guide that delves into automotive functional safety implemented in advanced electronic systems. Focused on ISO 26262 and extending to different standards of active safety,, it navigates diverse facets of the standard. Tailored for novices and professionals, the book intricately details various parts of ISO 26262, catering to academia, practitioners, and researchers. The chapters including various case studies fosters a deeper understanding of the various safety standards. As the automotive industry races towards autonomy, the book stands as a vital compass, guiding towards safer transportation. A collaborative effort mirrors the dynamic spirit needed for success. Embark on an enlightening journey, navigating the path to a safer, innovative automotive future. This book comprises of 11 chapters which includes 1. Introduction to Functional safety and standards 2. ISO26262 Part 1 Vocabulary 3. ISO26262 Part 2 Safety management 4. ISO26262 Part 3 Concept Phase 5. ISO26262 Part 4 Technical Safety Concept and SEooC 6. ISO26262 Part 9 ASIL decomposition 7. ISO26262 Part 4 Hardware Software Interface 8. ISO26262 Part12 Safety for Motorcycles 9. ISO 21448 Safety Of The Intended Functionality 10. Introduction to Automotive Cybersecurity 11. Functional Safety of Off-road vehicles




Functional Safety for Road Vehicles


Book Description

This book highlights the current challenges for engineers involved in product development and the associated changes in procedure they make necessary. Methods for systematically analyzing the requirements for safety and security mechanisms are described using examples of how they are implemented in software and hardware, and how their effectiveness can be demonstrated in terms of functional and design safety are discussed. Given today’s new E-mobility and automated driving approaches, new challenges are arising and further issues concerning “Road Vehicle Safety” and “Road Traffic Safety” have to be resolved. To address the growing complexity of vehicle functions, as well as the increasing need to accommodate interdisciplinary project teams, previous development approaches now have to be reconsidered, and system engineering approaches and proven management systems need to be supplemented or wholly redefined. The book presents a continuous system development process, starting with the basic requirements of quality management and continuing until the release of a vehicle and its components for road use. Attention is paid to the necessary definition of the respective development item, the threat-, hazard- and risk analysis, safety concepts and their relation to architecture development, while the book also addresses the aspects of product realization in mechanics, electronics and software as well as for subsequent testing, verification, integration and validation phases. In November 2011, requirements for the Functional Safety (FuSa) of road vehicles were first published in ISO 26262. The processes and methods described here are intended to show developers how vehicle systems can be implemented according to ISO 26262, so that their compliance with the relevant standards can be demonstrated as part of a safety case, including audits, reviews and assessments.




Automated Driving


Book Description

The main topics of this book include advanced control, cognitive data processing, high performance computing, functional safety, and comprehensive validation. These topics are seen as technological bricks to drive forward automated driving. The current state of the art of automated vehicle research, development and innovation is given. The book also addresses industry-driven roadmaps for major new technology advances as well as collaborative European initiatives supporting the evolvement of automated driving. Various examples highlight the state of development of automated driving as well as the way forward. The book will be of interest to academics and researchers within engineering, graduate students, automotive engineers at OEMs and suppliers, ICT and software engineers, managers, and other decision-makers.




Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination


Book Description

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination, SPICE 2012, held in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, in May 2012. The 21 revised full papers presented and 14 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on organizational process improvement; SPI in small and very small enterprises; process models; SPI in automotive software and security; SPI in medical and safety critical systems; short papers.




Safety Critical Systems Handbook


Book Description

Safety Critical Systems Handbook: A Straightfoward Guide to Functional Safety, IEC 61508 (2010 Edition) and Related Standards, Including Process IEC 61511 and Machinery IEC 62061 AND ISO 13849, Third Edition, offers a practical guide to the functional safety standard IEC 61508. The book is organized into three parts. Part A discusses the concept of functional safety and the need to express targets by means of safety integrity levels. It places functional safety in context, along with risk assessment, likelihood of fatality, and the cost of conformance. It also explains the life-cycle approach, together with the basic outline of IEC 61508 (known as BS EN 61508 in the UK). Part B discusses functional safety standards for the process, oil, and gas industries; the machinery sector; and other industries such as rail, automotive, avionics, and medical electrical equipment. Part C presents case studies in the form of exercises and examples. These studies cover SIL targeting for a pressure let-down system, burner control system assessment, SIL targeting, a hypothetical proposal for a rail-train braking system, and hydroelectric dam and tidal gates. - The only comprehensive guide to IEC 61508, updated to cover the 2010 amendments, that will ensure engineers are compliant with the latest process safety systems design and operation standards - Helps readers understand the process required to apply safety critical systems standards - Real-world approach helps users to interpret the standard, with case studies and best practice design examples throughout




Systems, Software and Services Process Improvement


Book Description

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 28th European Conference on Systems, Software and Services Process Improvement, EuroSPI 2021, held in Krems, Austria, in September 2021*. The 42 full papers and 9 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 100 submissions. The volume presents core research contributions and selected industrial contributions. Core research contributions: SPI and emerging software and systems engineering paradigms; SPI and team skills and diversity; SPI and recent innovations; SPI and agile; SPI and standards and safety and security norms; SPI and good/bad SPI practices in improvement; SPI and functional safety and cybersecurity; digitalisation of industry, infrastructure and e-mobility. Selected industrial contributions: SPI and emerging software and systems engineering paradigms; SPI and recent innovations; SPI and agile; SPI and standards and safety and security norms; SPI and good/bad SPI practices in improvement; SPI and functional safety and cybersecurity; digitalisation of industry, infrastructure and e-mobility; virtual reality. *The conference was partially held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.




FORMS/FORMAT 2010


Book Description

Complexity in automation- and safety systems in railway as well as automotive applications are dominated more and more by formal description means, methods and tools. Formal techniques provide next to correctness and integrity checkups – especially for safety relevant systems – the possibility to model, prove, simulate and check the specification of the system as well as to generate the system implementations. Requirements of the CENELEC- and IEC-Standards on formal techniques, particularly with regard to the handling of safety analysis, are to be treated in FORMS/FORMAT 2010. The main focus lies on topics facing formal techniques for railway applications and intelligent transportation systems as well as for automotive applications. Gained findings, experiences and also difficulties associated with the handling of the subject matter as well as description means and tools are to be shown.




Systems, Functions and Safety


Book Description

This textbook provides up-to-date content in the fields of system engineering, system safety and functional safety, with up-to-date examples from the automotive, industrial and aerospace domains, with respect to the growing complexity of the field and the increased utilization of complex hardware and software in vehicle designs. The book covers practical functional safety insights concerning the required standards (e.g. IEC 61508, IEC 62061, ISO 13849, ISO 26262), but also inherent system safety process as a key factor towards the mitigation of systematic faults. Readers will be equipped with a broad understanding of safety and functional safety, with balanced theoretical and practical views in this area. The book covers the specific topics of introduction to system engineering, overall system safety and its relation to functional safety. Functional safety is introduced in all the required concepts, terminology and safety analysis methods. Basic fault-tolerance concepts are covered, including the design considerations to achieve functional safety. The book also gives an introduction to the required system safety processes and the applications of relevant functional safety standards.