IPDI Production from Isophorone and Chlorine - Cost Analysis - IPDI E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI) production from isophorone and chlorine. The process examined is a typical phosgenation process. In this process, isophorone diamine (IPDA) intermediate is initially obtained from isophorone. Then, IPDA reacts with phosgene to produce IPDI. The phosgene used is generated from chlorine and carbon monoxide in an on-site unit. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 9187412 B2, issued to Evonik Degussa in 2015 (2) US Patent 8884063 B2, issued to BASF SE in 2014 (3) US Patent 8563768, issued to Covestro (fromer Bayer MaterialScience) in 2013 Keywords: Isophorone Diisocyanate, IPDI, Isophorone Diamine, IPDA, Phosgenation




Chlorine Production from Sodium Chloride - Cost Analysis - Chlorine E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Chlorine production from sodium chloride. The process examined is a typical membrane process. In this process, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) is decomposed electrolytically in a membrane cell, producing Chlorine. Caustic soda (50 wt%) and hydrogen are also generated as products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) Handbook of Chlor-Alkali Technology, 2005 (2) "Chlorine", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Chlor-Alkali, Caustic Soda, NaOH




IPDI Production from Isophorone and Urea - Cost Analysis - IPDI E12A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI) production from isophorone and urea. The process examined is a typical non-phosgene technology. In this process, isophorone diamine (IPDA) is initially obtained from isophorone. Then, IPDA reacts with urea and butanol generating a carbamate intermediate. Then, the carbamate is thermally cracked producing IPDI. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Isophorone Diisocyanate, IPDI, Isophorone Diamine, IPDA, Non-Phosgene, Urea-Based Process




Chlorine Dioxide via Sulfuric Acid Process - Cost Analysis - Chlorine Dioxide E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Chlorine Dioxide production from sodium chlorate. The process examined is a typical sulfuric acid-based reduction process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Acid-Based Reduction, Sulphuric Acid




Isononanol Production Process - Cost Analysis - Isononanol E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Isononanol production from octenes The process examined is similar to the process owned by Johnson Matthey OXO alcohols process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "OXO Process", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition (2) US Patent 6946580, issued to Davy Process Technology Limited in 2005; Keywords: Oxo alcohol, Hydroformylation, Isononyl Alcohol, INA, ICI High Pressure Oxo Process, Johnson Matthey




Isodecanol Production Process - Cost Analysis - Isodecanol E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Isodecanol production from nonenes The process examined is a typical cobalt catalyst process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Oxo Alcohol, Classic Cobalt, Unmodified Cobalt, Oxo Process, Isodecyl Alcohol, IDA, ICI High Pressure Oxo Process, Johnson Matthey




Dichlorvos Production - Cost Analysis - Dichlorvos E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Dichlorvos (DDVP) production from trimethyl phosphite and chloral. In this typical process examined, trimethyl phosphite reacts with chloral producing Dichlorvos. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: DDVP, Vapona, Trichloroacetaldehyde, 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate, TMP




Bio-Isoprene Production from Glucose - Cost Analysis - Isoprene E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Bio-Isoprene production from glucose syrup using a fermentation process The process examined is similar to Danisco/Goodyear process. In this process, a 70 wt% glucose-water syrup is used as raw material in an aerobic fermentation step for Isoprene production. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): US Patents 20140187839 and 20130078699, both issued to Danisco and The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company in 2014 and 2013, respectively Keywords: Dextrose, Genencor, DuPont, 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene, Direct Fermentation







Endocrine Toxicology


Book Description

This is the first book to deal comprehensively with endocrine toxicology. It covers the whole spectrum of known toxicant effects on the endocrine system ranging from small disturbances in hormonal secretion to full endocrine neoplasia. In each chapter, internationally recognised authorities have addressed basic endocrine physiology, current techniques for studying endocrine toxicity in vivo and in vitro, known xenobiotic-induced toxicity phenomena and the latest scientific advances in understanding the underlying molecular and cellular events. Consideration is given to important issues such as dietary factors which influence endocrine toxicity, species differences in sensitivity to toxicants, and the toxicity of hormones and drugs. The volume provides a sound basis for understanding the scientific aspects of this complex and important area of toxicology and will be a useful source of information for all those working in this field.