Vaccines: A Biography


Book Description

Why another book about vaccines? There are already a few extremely well-written medical textbooks that provide comprehensive, state-of-the-art technical reviews regarding vaccine science. Additionally, in the past decade alone, a number of engrossing, provocative books have been published on various related issues ra- ing from vaccines against specific diseases to vaccine safety and policy. Yet there remains a significant gap in the literature – the history of vaccines. Vaccines: A Biography seeks to fill a void in the extant literature by focusing on the history of vaccines and in so doing, recounts the social, cultural, and scientific history of vaccines; it places them within their natural, historical context. The book traces the lineage – the “biography” – of individual vaccines, originating with deeply rooted medical problems and evolving to an eventual conclusion. Nonetheless, these are not “biographies” in the traditional sense; they do not trace an individual’s growth and development. Instead, they follow an idea as it is conceived and dev- oped, through the contributions of many. These are epic stories of discovery, of risk-takers, of individuals advancing medical science, in the words of the famous physical scientist Isaac Newton, “by standing on the shoulders of giants. ” One grant reviewer described the book’s concept as “triumphalist”; although meant as an indictment, this is only partially inaccurate.




Patent Failure


Book Description

In recent years, business leaders, policymakers, and inventors have complained to the media and to Congress that today's patent system stifles innovation instead of fostering it. But like the infamous patent on the peanut butter and jelly sandwich, much of the cited evidence about the patent system is pure anecdote--making realistic policy formation difficult. Is the patent system fundamentally broken, or can it be fixed with a few modest reforms? Moving beyond rhetoric, Patent Failure provides the first authoritative and comprehensive look at the economic performance of patents in forty years. James Bessen and Michael Meurer ask whether patents work well as property rights, and, if not, what institutional and legal reforms are necessary to make the patent system more effective. Patent Failure presents a wide range of empirical evidence from history, law, and economics. The book's findings are stark and conclusive. While patents do provide incentives to invest in research, development, and commercialization, for most businesses today, patents fail to provide predictable property rights. Instead, they produce costly disputes and excessive litigation that outweigh positive incentives. Only in some sectors, such as the pharmaceutical industry, do patents act as advertised, with their benefits outweighing the related costs. By showing how the patent system has fallen short in providing predictable legal boundaries, Patent Failure serves as a call for change in institutions and laws. There are no simple solutions, but Bessen and Meurer's reform proposals need to be heard. The health and competitiveness of the nation's economy depend on it.













Prison Life is Different


Book Description







Apollo Mission Control


Book Description

This book describes the history of this now iconic room which represents America’s space program during the Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, Apollo-Soyuz and early Space Shuttle eras. It is now a National Historic Landmark and is being restored to a level which represents the day the flight control teams walked out after the last lunar landing missions. The book is dedicated to the estimated 3,000 men and women who supported the flights and tells the story from their perspective. It describes the rooms of people supporting this control center; those rooms of engineers, analysts and scientists most people never knew about. Some called it a “shrine” and some called it a “cathedral.” Now it will be restored to its former glory and soon thousands will be able to view the place where America flew to the moon.




Mirror Symmetry and Algebraic Geometry


Book Description

Mirror symmetry began when theoretical physicists made some astonishing predictions about rational curves on quintic hypersurfaces in four-dimensional projective space. Understanding the mathematics behind these predictions has been a substantial challenge. This book is the first completely comprehensive monograph on mirror symmetry, covering the original observations by the physicists through the most recent progress made to date. Subjects discussed include toric varieties, Hodge theory, Kahler geometry, moduli of stable maps, Calabi-Yau manifolds, quantum cohomology, Gromov-Witten invariants, and the mirror theorem. This title features: numerous examples worked out in detail; an appendix on mathematical physics; an exposition of the algebraic theory of Gromov-Witten invariants and quantum cohomology; and, a proof of the mirror theorem for the quintic threefold.




Moments in Mathematics


Book Description

Function theory, spectral decomposition of operators, probability, approximation, electrical and mechanical inverse problems, prediction of stochastic processes, the design of algorithms for signal-processing VLSI chips--these are among a host of important theoretical and applied topics illuminated by the classical moment problem. To survey some of these ramifications and the research which derives from them, the AMS sponsored the Short Course Moments in Mathematics at the Joint Mathematics Meetings, held in San Antonio, Texas, in January 1987. This volume contains the six lectures presented during that course. The papers are likely to find a wide audience, for they are expository, but nevertheless lead the reader to topics of current research. In his paper, Henry J. Landau sketches the main ideas of past work related to the moment problem by such mathematicians as Caratheodory, Herglotz, Schur, Riesz, and Krein and describes the way the moment problem has interconnected so many diverse areas of research. J. H. B. Kemperman examines the moment problem from a geometric viewpoint which involves a certain natural duality method and leads to interesting applications in linear programming, measure theory, and dilations. Donald Sarason first provides a brief review of the theory of unbounded self-adjoint operators then goes on to sketch the operator-theoretic treatment of the Hamburger problem and to discuss Hankel operators, the Adamjan-Arov-Krein approach, and the theory of unitary dilations. Exploring the interplay of trigonometric moment problems and signal processing, Thomas Kailath describes the role of Szego polynomials in linear predictive coding methods, parallel implementation, one-dimensional inverse scattering problems, and the Toeplitz moment matrices. Christian Berg contrasts the multi-dimensional moment problem with the one-dimensional theory and shows how the theory of the moment problem may be viewed as part of harmonic analysis on semigroups. Starting from a historical survey of the use of moments in probability and statistics, Persi Diaconis illustrates the continuing vitality of these methods in a variety of recent novel problems drawn from such areas as Wiener-Ito integrals, random graphs and matrices, Gibbs ensembles, cumulants and self-similar processes, projections of high-dimensional data, and empirical estimation.