Key Regulatory Initiatives in EU Sustainable Banking


Book Description

With temperature exhibiting a growing trend and posing threats to future generations, the Paris Agreement set a cap level of no more than 2°C for the temperature increase, emphasizing the need for cross-national participation to combat climate change. At the European level, the European Commission pledged to make Europe achieve carbon neutrality by mid-century. However, to deliver on its commitment, extensive financial support and engagement from both private and public-sector players were acknowledged as requisites. Therefore, through their funding mechanism, banks assumed a leading role in financing the transition to a green economy. However, a new challenge of systemic nature – i.e. ESG risks – emerged, gaining regulatory attention and subsequently triggering numerous regulatory reforms. Therefore, this study explores the current European regulatory environment addressing sustainability, aiming to identify whether such regulatory frameworks can be considered a strategic opportunity, or contrastingly, a strategic burden for credit institutions.




The European Banking Regulation Handbook, Volume I


Book Description

In two volumes, this book covers in a comprehensive, internally balanced, systematic and detailed way the field of European Union (EU) banking law and regulation. In three parts, Volume I offers a brief introduction to the role of banks in the contemporary financial system and the theory of banking regulation, a thorough analysis of international financial standards which are contained in the sources of public international banking law (and of public international financial law, in general), a detailed presentation of the gradual evolution and the sources of EU banking law, as well as a precise analysis of the law-making process and the key institutional aspects of this branch of EU economic law. The standards and rules adopted and the institutions created in the aftermath of the (2007-2009) global financial crisis and the subsequent euro area fiscal crisis, as well as during the current pandemic crisis are discussed, as appropriate. A detailed analysis of the substantive aspects of EU banking law will follow in Volume II




Digitalisation, Sustainability, and the Banking and Capital Markets Union


Book Description

This book covers three topics that have dominated financial market regulation and supervision debates: digital finance, sustainable finance, and the Banking and Capital Markets Union. Within the first part, seven chapters will tackle specific questions arising in digital finance, including but not limited to artificial intelligence, tokenisation, and international regulatory cooperation in digital financial services. The second part addresses one of humanity's most pressing issues today: the climate crisis. The quest for sustainable finance is driven by political actors and a common understanding that climate change is a severe threat. As financial institutions are a cornerstone of human interaction, they are in the regulatory spotlight. The chapters explore sustainability in EU banking and insurance regulation, the interrelationship between systemic risk and sustainability, and the 'greening' of EU monetary policy. The third part analyses two projects that have led to huge structural changes in the European financial market architecture over the last decade: the European Banking Union and Capital Markets Union. This transformation has raised numerous legal questions that can only gradually be answered in all their intricacies. In four chapters, this book examines composite procedures, property rights of depositors in banking resolution, preemptive financing arrangements and the phenomenon of subsidiarisation in the context of Brexit. Of interest to academics, policymakers, practitioners, and students in the field of EU financial regulation, banking law, securities law, and regulatory law, this book offers a compilation of analyses on pressing banking and capital markets law problems. Lukas Böffel, Dr. iur., LL.M. (Berkeley), holds a PhD from the Free University of Berlin and graduated from the University of California, Berkeley School of Law in 2022 with a Master of Laws. During his time at Berkeley, he was a supervising editor of the Berkeley Business Law Journal. In addition, he is a member of the Associated Researchers Group and, between 2020 and 2021, was a member and the coordinator of the Young Researchers Group. Jonas Schürger, Dr. iur., holds a PhD from the University of Bonn for his work on the principles of equivalence and substituted compliance. Previously, he was a Research Assistant at the Universities of Vienna and Bonn. Furthermore, Jonas was a member of the Young Researchers Group of the European Banking Institute and coordinated the group until July 2022. Previously, he worked in DG Microprudential Supervision with the European Central Bank.




Post-Crisis Banking Regulation in the European Union


Book Description

This book offers holistic, economic analysis of the on-going regulatory reform in the European banking industry. The author addresses the main opportunities and pitfalls related to post-crisis financial regulation, and investigates whether the proposed solutions provide an appropriate response to the problems within the EU’s ailing banking sector. The author gives particular focus to the implementation of Basel III, the introduction of the Banking Union, the inclusion of bank governance elements into regulatory frameworks, and the country-specific aspects of regulation at a national level. The discussion builds upon existing literature in the field and takes a novel approach in its examination of banking regulations, their endogeneity and their interactions with bank governance. The book also analyses banking regulation in the EU within theoretical frameworks, as well as by means of empirical exercises. Insights into the theory and practical aspects of banking regulation make this book a valuable read for academics, researchers, students and practitioners alike.




Sustainable Banking in Europe


Book Description

The dominant narrative surrounding sustainable finance shapes how banks understand what they owe to others; what objectives to pursue; whose and what risks to prevent and mitigate; and for what and towards whom they are accountable. The economic rationale underlying much of the sustainable finance discourse distorts the European perspective on what it means to pursue a sustainable economy thereby reducing its potential to achieve harmony between the social, environmental and economic domains. Based on qualitative empirical research in the banking sectors of the Netherlands, Germany and the United Kingdom, this study investigates both the potential and the limitations of Europe's market-based approach to aligning the banking sector with the goal of creating a sustainable economy. It sets out how bank employees seek to integrate concerns for the social and environmental impacts of corporate lending into their bank's policies, systems and practices. In doing so, this analysis brings to the fore the assumptions underlying Europe's pursuit of sustainable banking. Europe employs the market to achieve sustainability, which simultaneously enables and obstructs the development of an economy that is socially just, environmentally sustainable and economically viable. This study presents a counter-narrative of what 'sustainable banking' in Europe could look like. Telling the story of sustainable banking from a different point of view brings into view what is left out of the conventional narrative. The counter-narrative presented here highlights the role of banks in society - based on their special relationship with the public - and requires that the EU legal framework takes seriously the obligations banks owe to others. This dissertation aims to lay the foundations for the shift in banking regulation, and the regulation of banks more broadly, needed to create a sustainable economy. The narrative that Europe adopts in its pursuit of a sustainable economy, shapes the society we become.




The Rise of Green Finance in Europe


Book Description

This book offers a comprehensive discussion of how green finance has been growing thus far and explores the opportunities and key developments ahead, with particular emphasis on Europe. The main features of the market, the key products, the issue of correctly defining green finance, the main policy actions undertaken, the risk of green washing and the necessary steps to mainstream green finance are discussed in depth. In addition, the book analyses some highly relevant aspects of the market that so far have not been sufficiently explored in the policy, industry and academic debate. This includes the potential role of digitalisation and blockchain in fostering green finance, the crucial role of the effective financing of the agriculture to reach climate and environmental targets and the possible relationship between sustainable finance and other forms of "alternative" finance. This book will be of interest to academics, practitioners, financial institutions and policy makers involved in green finance and to the finance industry in general.




Regulation of European Banks and Business Models


Book Description

Amidst talk of establishing an EU-wide banking union, the recent changes in the regulatory framework and the rethinking of the future of European banking structure, the future of EU bank regulation is inextricably linked to banks' business models. Using a sample of over 70 banks, which overlaps with those subjected to the European Banking Authorities' 2011 stress tests, this report emphasizes the key regulatory gaps that emerge from a comprehensive analysis of the soundness and performance of bank business models. This analysis provides policy-makers with guidance to reinforce the evolving regulatory framework in European banking.




The Social Licence for Financial Markets


Book Description

This book is about what Mark Carney has called ‘the social licence for financial markets’ and how it can point us towards a more sustainable future. Author David Rouch argues that what it reveals contrasts sharply with the usual portrayals of markets as places of unrestrained financial self-interest. Drawing attention to a more complex reality and the presence of justice-focused aspirations in finance can positively impact individual, institutional, and systemic behaviour: change, not imposed by regulators, but emerging from the very substance of market relationships. The finance sector should have a key role in addressing humanity’s increasingly pressing sustainability challenges. Yet the relationship between finance and society has not recovered from the 2008 crisis and the scandals and austerity that followed. The Covid-19 pandemic and its economic fallout is sharpening some of the issues and creating new ones. Recognising that financial markets operate subject to a social licence has the potential to galvanise market participants in tackling these challenges, strengthening social solidarity on which markets also depend, and to provide coordinates for navigating a way through the post-pandemic social, political and economic landscape.




Assessment of the Cumulative Impact of Various Regulatory Initiatives on the European Banking Sector


Book Description

In this study we assess the most important current regulatory initiatives for the banking sector to the extent possible and on the basis of existing literature. An extensive overview of relevant considerations regarding each measure is followed by a holistic impact assessment. While a direct impact on the real economy through a change in credit supply by banks is assessed to be small, it is difficult to judge the measures' overall indirect influence on increasing stability. For this purpose six distinct stability objectives are put forward and the measures' expected impact on each is assessed in detail. These objectives are: (1) reduction of procyclicality, (2) reduction of misguided incentives, (3) creation of a level playing field, (4) internalisation of social costs, (5) increasing transparency and (6) increasing consumer/investor confidence. According to the survey conducted for this study among German financial market experts, the current state of effective regulation is deemed to be exceptionally insufficient with regard to the first three stability objectives. This study implies that for those objectives the impact of the entirety of regulatory efforts is likely to be most salient, but also most ambiguous. The assessment indicates where the design of effective regulation may be particularly challenging and points out possible detrimental effects on financial stability.




A Guide to the World Bank


Book Description

The World Bank Group is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world. Its focus is on helping the poorest people in the poorest countries by using its financial resources, staff, and extensive experience to aid countries in reducing poverty, increasing economic growth, and improving quality of life. In partnership with more than 100 developing countries, the Bank Group is striving to improve health and education, fight corruption, boost agricultural support, build roadsand ports, and protect the environment. Other projects are aimed at rebuilding war-torn countries or regions, providing basic services such as access to clean water, and encouraging investments that create jobs. In addition to this critical groundwork around the world, various parts of the World Bank Group are involved in activities ranging from conducting economic research and analysis to providing financial and advisory services to governments and private enterprises. This completely revised and updated second edition provides an accessible and straightforward overview of the World Bank Group's history, organization, mission, and purpose. Additionally, for those wishing to delve further into subjects of particular interest, the book guides readers to sources containing more detailed information, including annual reports, Web sites, publications, and e-mail addresses for various departments. It also provides information on how to work for or do business with the World Bank. A good introduction for anyone interested in understanding what the World Bank Group does and how it does it, this book shows readers who want to learn more where to begin.