The Knowledge Capital of Nations


Book Description

A rigorous, pathbreaking analysis demonstrating that a country's prosperity is directly related in the long run to the skills of its population. In this book Eric Hanushek and Ludger Woessmann make a simple, central claim, developed with rigorous theoretical and empirical support: knowledge is the key to a country's development. Of course, every country acknowledges the importance of developing human capital, but Hanushek and Woessmann argue that message has become distorted, with politicians and researchers concentrating not on valued skills but on proxies for them. The common focus is on school attainment, although time in school provides a very misleading picture of how skills enter into development. Hanushek and Woessmann contend that the cognitive skills of the population—which they term the “knowledge capital” of a nation—are essential to long-run prosperity. Hanushek and Woessmann subject their hypotheses about the relationship between cognitive skills (as consistently measured by international student assessments) and economic growth to a series of tests, including alternate specifications, different subsets of countries, and econometric analysis of causal interpretations. They find that their main results are remarkably robust, and equally applicable to developing and developed countries. They demonstrate, for example, that the “Latin American growth puzzle” and the “East Asian miracle” can be explained by these regions' knowledge capital. Turning to the policy implications of their argument, they call for an education system that develops effective accountability, promotes choice and competition, and provides direct rewards for good performance.




The Fountain of Knowledge


Book Description

Today, universities around the world find themselves going beyond the traditional roles of research and teaching to drive the development of local economies through collaborations with industry. At a time when regions with universities are seeking best practices among their peers, Shiri M. Breznitz argues against the notion that one university's successful technology transfer model can be easily transported to another. Rather, the impact that a university can have on its local economy must be understood in terms of its idiosyncratic internal mechanisms, as well as the state and regional markets within which it operates. To illustrate her argument, Breznitz undertakes a comparative analysis of two universities, Yale and Cambridge, and the different outcomes of their attempts at technology commercialization in biotech. By contrasting these two universities—their unique policies, organizational structure, institutional culture, and location within distinct national polities—she makes a powerful case for the idea that technology transfer is dependent on highly variable historical and environmental factors. Breznitz highlights key features to weigh and engage in developing future university and economic development policies that are tailor-made for their contexts.




Knowledge in the Development of Economies


Book Description

This book presents an entirely new approach to knowledge, creativity and social organisation. The first part of the book provides a trenchant critique of current globalisation, of multinational corporations, the WTO, and intellectual property rights. The rest of the book outlines an alternative globalisation based on inclusion, democratic participation, and equality. The role of the universities in this process is given special attention. The alternative globalisation is still based on the market economy but not necessarily one in which the sole objective of the corporations is to maximise profits. The book is a must-read for all economists, including those who are satisfied with the current state of the subject. The analyses of this volume of outstanding papers edited by Sacchetti and Sugden are fresh, sober and entirely convincing. Ajit Singh, University of Cambridge, UK It is arguable that at the root of the current global crisis lies the ferocious attack on critical thinking indeed freedom of thought that has taken place over the past 30 years or so. The editors of this volume are among the minority voices that kept thinking outside the box and voicing their views during this period. Their present volume offers fascinating readings on diverse issues ranging from uneven development, through university and art management, to motivation, capabilities and democratic governance, as they relate to knowledge and learning. It is hoped that the book will receive the attention it deserves and that more such voices will now be raised and heard. Christos Pitelis, University of Cambridge, UK While the relevance of knowledge in economic development represents a consolidated result, this volume takes some important steps forward in new directions. Highly valuable is the attempt to integrate the study of knowledge production, with its potential for improved creativity, whose expression is now dependent on the social structure and is not merely exogenous any more. The focus on heterodox approaches and on non-traditional organisational and proprietary forms is particularly coherent with both the theoretical premises of the volume and the expected evolution of economies. Carlo Borzaga, University of Trento, Italy This is a collection of essays which escapes the confines of mainstream economics, raising fundamental questions of the role of academics in policy making. It requires the reader to imagine different worlds to think beyond present realities; a book striving to deal with important issues, not sliding over them to make cheap points. A scholarly work; demanding, in places difficult, but worth persevering with. Should be read by everyone interested in a different way forward for economic development in a global world. Keith Cowling, University of Warwick, UK This innovative book offers a critical perspective on the state of the current global economy, making sense of knowledge-related issues by critically assessing existing institutional choices, as well as pointing to new ways forward. The pioneering chapters reposition knowledge in a number of economic debates including regional development, property rights, social enterprises, corporate governance, the management of universities, and the role of creative activities. They explore the possibility of an institutional dynamism that impacts not only on the characteristics of localities and their place in a hierarchical and ordered system of relationships, but on the nature of the system itself. Conclusions point at the individual and collective dimensions of the knowledge discovery process, suggesting a renewed approach to the assessment of economic choices. This insightful book offers an original perspective on knowledge-related issues and constitutes a valuable read for academics and postgraduate students in international business and economic competitiveness, as well practitioners and policymakers who are interested in alternative analyses and methods for economic develop




The Indispensable University


Book Description

the political leadership of cities, states, and nations; successful models of partnerships between higher education and the private sector; and future challenges and opportunities facing the modern university." --Book Jacket.




Human Resource Development in a Knowledge-based Economy


Book Description

This work examines the contextual framework and the imperatives of a knowledge-based economy, in which human resource development has assumed increasing importance as the means to boost productive capabilities, foster and sustain national growth and provide a competitive edge to corporations. The book is divided into four major sections: Perspectives and Prospects; Governments and National Strategy; Development of Human Resources and Paradigms for Organisational Success.




The Age of Discontinuity


Book Description

The Age of Discontinuity: Guidelines to Our Changing Society describes the discontinuities that are changing the structure and the meaning of economy, politics, and society. Major discontinuities exist in four areas: the knowledge technologies; changes in the world's economy; a society of organizations; and the knowledge society. This book is organized into four parts encompassing 17 chapters. Each part represents the four areas of discontinuities. Part I highlights the growth in major industries and businesses, along with economic policies related to tax incentives. Part II looks into the status of the global economy, the disparity between the rich and poor countries, and the concepts and application of the economic theory demonstrating a closed economy controlled from within by national, monetary, credit, and tax policies. Part III examines the changes in the political matrix of social and economic life. This part deals particularly with the theory of pluralism and organizations, as well as the creation of socio-political reality. Part IV focuses on the changes in the cost center and the crucial resource of the economy. Knowledge changes involve changes in labor forces and work. This book will prove useful to economists, public servants, sociologists, and researchers.




Employment and Growth in the Knowledge-based Economy


Book Description

Papers from the OECD conference on employment and growth in the knowledge-based economy, Copenhagen, November 1994




Trade in Knowledge


Book Description

Offers insights into what it means to trade in knowledge in today's technological and commercial environment.




Knowledge to Policy


Book Description

Investigates the effects of research in the field of international development.. Examines the consequences of 23 research projects funded by Canada's International Development Research Centre in developing countries. Shows how research influence public policy and decision-making and how can contribute to better governance.




Knowledge Economy, Development and the Future of Higher Education


Book Description

This book reflects on the post-war Western university and its discourses charting the crisis of the concept of the modern university.