The Changing Face of African Literature / Les nouveaux visages de la littérature africaine


Book Description

The Changing Face of African Literature combines both the large picture – a synopsis of current trends in African literature – and the small: studies of individual texts and of themes across several texts. The large and the small are linked by recurring themes, such as gender and sexuality, the nation-state and its collapse, AIDS, war, and suffering. The volume is comparative, bringing together literature in at least five languages and from at least ten national literatures. Such a large, comparative frame is implied by most discussion of African literature but is too seldom seen. At the same time, the collection also problematizes the comparison: the goal is to make clear what African literatures have in common but also where they diverge. What difference do distinct literary traditions, readerships, and publishing patterns make to literatures which share a common thematic and so many of the same questions and needs? By juxtaposing contemporary texts form several traditions, the intention of this collection is to bring out the themes that are currently dominant in African literatures generally. After a preface by Liz Gunner and a wide-ranging introduction by the editors, the collection presents keynote essays on new paradigms in African literature, before treating specific themes – recent crime fiction, the Afrikaans and anglophone novel, feminist literature, ‘migritude’ – and studies of recent works by individual authors such as André Brink, Henri Djombo, Pie Tshibanda, Bessora, Nadine Gordimer, and Paulina Chiziane, as well as the South African television series Yizo Yizo.




Indigenous Societies in the Post-colonial World


Book Description

This edited book provides perceptions on “indigeneity” through a global perspective. Emphasizing the contemporary and postcolonial debates on indigenous, it delves into diversity and dissonance within indigenous concepts. Through its chapters based on theoretical and empirical studies from Asian, African, and American perceptions of indigenous societies, it brings out complexity, resilience, and response of “indigenous” in the post-colonial global society. It especially looks at how these societies manage to move forward by going beyond the stigma of the colonial past. The chapters in the book are divided into three sections where they discuss indigenous cultures through interdisciplinary perspectives. The narrative approach of historical concepts and contemporary indigenous challenges within the book include anthropological, cultural, ecological, historical, literary, and legal studies. The contributions in the collection come from widely respected international scholars who are engaged in indigeneity and postcolonial questions. It allows the reader to (re)discover the theories and resilience of the indigenous societies that are historically marked and are reshaping the histories and contemporary narratives in the world. This book is of particular interest to scholars, students, policymakers, and people curious about the histories and the dynamic progress of the indigenous and indigenous societies of Africa, the Americas, and Asia.




International Postmodernism


Book Description

Containing more than fifty essays by major literary scholars, International Postmodernism divides into four main sections. The volume starts off with a section of eight introductory studies dealing with the subject from different points of view followed by a section that deals with postmodernism in other arts than literature, while a third section discusses renovations of narrative genres and other strategies and devices in postmodernist writing. The final and fourth section deals with the reception and processing of postmodernism in different parts of the world. Three important aspects add to the special character of International Postmodernism: The consistent distinction between postmodernity and postmodernism; equal attention to the making and diffusion of postmodernism and the workings of literature in general; and the focus on the text and the reader (i.e., the reader's knowledge, experience, interests, and competence) as crucial factors in text interpretation. This comprehensive study does not expressly focus on American postmodernism, although American interpretations of postmodernism are a major point of reference. The recognition that varying literary and cultural conditions in this world are bound to produce endless varieties of postmodernism made the editors, Hans Bertens and Douwe Fokkema, opt for the title International Postmodernism.




Exploring Post-Development


Book Description

Post-development has been a major debate in the field of north-south relations at the beginning of the twenty-first century, here contributors explore the limitations of this theory and practice using empirical studies of movements and communities globally.




Comparing Cultures and Religions in a Postmodern World


Book Description

Culture and religion are basic to every human society, and the history of a people always sustains her cultural and religious values. We decided to use the African culture and religion as our departing point for the mere fact that Africa is generally considered as the cradle of civilization, and it is a very historic and controversial continent. However, while examining some prominent world cultures and religions (in a comparative manner), our major focus is on the Christian-Thomistic culture/religion as illustrated by Jacques Maritain in comparison with the African culture/religion as expressed by Joseph Ki-Zerbo. Both thinkers consider that in the midst of multiculturalism and globalization, authentic humanism or personalism that is based on the sacredness of the human person should be endorsed as a new civilization or culture. Only such a culture can make the future of humankind essentially meaningful and interesting.Shifting from all mediocre standards of culture which are based on relativism, supported by postmodern thinkers, there is a need to get back to the original culture that is based on authentic and objective standards. The major difference that we noticed between the Thomistic-Christian ideas and those of the Africans is that while Jacques Maritain appeals for Thomistic humanism to grow from the formal classrooms and the books into the streets and the fields, Ki-Zerbo explains that African humanism has always existed in the streets and in the fields; it might never even have existed in the books and in the classrooms. The global reaction toward the killing of George Floyd in USA, defying all fears of the COVID-19, intensifies the argument that a culture which qualifies one race as being superior over another has to be reexamined and radically eradicated and replaced by authentic humanism.




Travel Writing and Cultural Memory / Écriture du voyage et mémoire culturelle


Book Description

The present volume looks at the relation between travel writing and cultural memory from a variety of perspectives, ranging from theoretical concerns with genres and conventions to detailed analyses of single texts. As befits the topic, the contributions roam far and wide, both geographically and historically. Some detail early Portuguese voyages of discovery, particularly to the East. Others depict encounters between Early, and not so early, Modern Western travelers and their Other interlocutors. Still others focus on travel writings as literature. Voyages and voyaging in literature form the subject of the last category of essays gathered here. Amongst the authors discussed are Fernão Mendes Pinto, Jean de Sponde, Furtado de Mendonça, Sor Juana Inéz de la Cruz, Elsa Morante, Ingeborg Bachmann, Sophia Andresen, Paul Claudel, Graham Greene, Valéry Larbaud, David Mourão-Ferreira, J.M.G. le Clézio, José Saramago, Michel Leiris, and Claude Lévi-Strauss. The volume concludes with an essay by the French-Lebanese author Salah Stétié.





Book Description




Forbidden Grounds


Book Description

This controversial book presents a powerful argument for the repeal of anti-discrimination laws within the workplace. These laws--frequently justified as a means to protect individuals from race, sex, age, and disability discrimination--have been widely accepted by liberals and conservatives alike since the passing of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and are today deeply ingrained in our legal culture. Richard Epstein demonstrates that these laws set one group against another, impose limits on freedom of choice, undermine standards of merit and achievement, unleash bureaucratic excesses, mandate inefficient employment practices, and cause far more invidious discrimination than they prevent. Epstein urges a return to the common law principles of individual autonomy that permit all persons to improve their position through trade, contract, and bargain, free of government constraint. He advances both theoretical and empirical arguments to show that competitive markets outperform the current system of centralized control over labor markets. Forbidden Grounds has a broad philosophical, economic, and historical sweep. Epstein offers novel explanations for the rational use of discrimination, and he tests his theory against a historical backdrop that runs from the early Supreme Court decisions, such as Plessy v. Ferguson which legitimated Jim Crow, through the current controversies over race-norming and the 1991 Civil Rights Act. His discussion of sex discrimination contains a detailed examination of the laws on occupational qualifications, pensions, pregnancy, and sexual harassment. He also explains how the case for affirmative action is strengthened by the repeal of employment discrimination laws. He concludes the book by looking at the recent controversies regarding age and disability discrimination. Forbidden Grounds will capture the attention of lawyers, social scientists, policymakers, and employers, as well as all persons interested in the administration of this major




Islamic Reform in Twentieth-Century Africa


Book Description

The first comprehensive analysis of Muslim movements of reform in modern sub-Saharan AfricaBased on twelve case studies (Senegal, Mali, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar and the Comoros), this book looks at patterns and peculiarities of different traditions of Islamic reform. Considering both Sufi- and Salafi-oriented movements in their respective historical contexts, it stresses the importance of the local context to explain the different trajectories of development.The book studies the social, religious and political impact of these reform movements in both historical and contemporary times and asks why some have become successful as popular mass movements, while others failed to attract substantial audiences. It also considers jihad-minded movements in contemporary Mali, northern Nigeria and Somalia and looks at modes of transnational entanglement of movements of reform. Against the background of a general inquiry into what constitutes areform, the text responds to the question of what areform actually means for Muslims in contemporary Africa.Key featuresBiographies of reformist scholars complement the textCase studies are placed in the context of the dynamics of areform in the larger world of IslamAddresses the importance of trans-national entanglements and their formative powerFocuses on the dynamics of social and religious development, the political dynamics of Islamic areform and issues of youth, generational change and gender




Ethics or Moral Philosophy


Book Description

This volume examines a variety of philosophical approaches that seek to formulate practical guidelines or norms for human actions and behavior in different areas of society, including politics, cultural traditions, the environment, business management, architecture, and medicine. Written by a team of international authors, this volume features thirteen surveys. It begins with an exploration of ethics in politics and cultural traditions. From genocide to the unequal distribution of wealth, it examines many of the harms that currently affect societies throughout the world and considers a way that those in politics can follow to provide better care for all their populations. Next, the book looks at the relation between ethics and cultural traditions. It features a paper that examines the tension that often exists between the past and the present, with a special focus on the history of India. This volume also considers the idea of a universal system of ethics, presents a practical approach to value-based management in private and public organizations, and examines ethics in medicine. In addition, this volume includes coverage of a new type of ethics called Eco-ethica, proposed by the Japanese philosopher Tomonobu Imamichi, which seeks to answer the question of how men and women can “live better” or “live together with each other” in a systematized, technological age. ​