La chan̨cun de Willame


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Viator


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La Chanson de Willame


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Constructions of Childhood and Youth in Old French Narrative


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What do we know of medieval childhood? Were boundaries always clear between childhood and young adulthood? Was medieval childhood gendered? Scholars have been debating such questions over half a century. Can evidence from imaginative literature test the conclusions of historians? Phyllis Gaffney's innovative book reveals contrast and change in the portrayal of childhood and youth by looking at vernacular French narratives composed between 1100 and 1220. Covering over sixty poems from two major genres - epic and romance - she traces a significant evolution. While early epics contain only a few stereotypical images of the child, later verse narratives display a range of arguably timeless motifs, as well as a growing awareness of the special characteristics of youth. Whereas juvenile epic heroes contribute to the adult agenda by displaying precocious strength and wisdom, romance children are on the receiving end, requiring guidance and education. Gaffney also profiles the intriguing phenomenon of enfances poems, singing the youthful deeds of established heroes: these 'prequels' combine epic and romance features in distinctive ways. Approaching the history of childhood and youth through the lens of literary genre, this study shows how imaginative texts can both shape and reflect the historical development and cultural construction of emotional values.




The Cycle of Guillaume D'Orange Or Garin de Monglane


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Bibliography of all works, not only on the full cycle but also on Le Chanson de Guillaume and the Geste de Monglane. This is the first comprehensive critical bibliography of the Old French epic cycle of Guillaume d'Orange. As well as covering editions and studies of the twenty principal poems of the full cycle, including fragments, the bibliography includes works on La Chanson de Guillaume, the fifteenth-century prose romance derived from the cycle, and the four poems conserved only in the so-called Geste de Monglane. It offers exhaustive coverage of material published between the mid-nineteenth century and the year 2000, including book reviews. As well as listing and commenting on editions and studies of individual poems the bibliography has sections dealing with manuscript studies, studies of the cycle as a whole and groups of poems, thematic studies of characters, motifs, geography and history related to the poems. For ease of consultation it is completed by an index of scholars and an index of authors, titles and themes. PHILIP BENNETT is Reader in French, Edinburgh University.




The Dial


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The World of Homer


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In the perpetual running fight about the Homeric Homer, Mr. Andrew Lang has been for some years a most prominent champion. In his latest return to the fray, " The World of Homer " (Jazzybee Publishing), he lays about him in a very joyous and triumphant mood. His foemen are all those who hold, in some form or other, that " the Iliad is a mosaic produced by a long series of Ionian additions to an Achaean ' kernel.' " Against them he maintains that '' the Iliad is, in the main, the work of a single poet, as is shown by the unity of thought, temper, character and ethos " ; that it is " a work of one brief period, because it bears all the notes of one age, and is absolutely free from the most marked traits of religion, rites, society, and superstition that characterise the preceding Aegean, and the later ' Dipylon,' Ionian, Archaic, and historic periods in Greek life and art" Homer is an Achaean poet, composing for Achaean auditors at a time when "the glow of Aegean (late Minoan, Mycenean) culture still flushed the sky." In support of his contention he writes nearly three hundred pages under such captions as "The Homeric World in War," "Homer and Ionia" "Bronze and Iron," "Burial and the Future Life," and "The Great Discrepancies." It goes without saying that the argumentation is serious. Some historians have long been in accord with Mr. Lang's principal views, while differing from him about many details ; but from friend and foe alike the book deserves attention.