Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Rural Development Sector Assessment, Strategy, and Road Map


Book Description

This publication explains the evaluation and strategic investment priorities of the Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in the agriculture, natural resources, and rural development sector. It highlights sector performance, priority development constraints, government plans and strategy, other development partner support, and ADB's past experience and future sector strategy. The country partnership strategy of ADB is also discussed and updated as strategic developments and program changes occur. Other background information about the sector for ADB's investment and technical assistance operations are also provided.




Cambodia Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Rural Development Sector Assessment, Strategy, and Road Map


Book Description

This publication presents an assessment of Cambodia’s agriculture, natural resources, and rural development (ANRRD) sector and provides a strategy and road map for its future development. It identifies the strategic investment priorities of the Government of Cambodia where the Asian Development Bank (ADB) can contribute to ANRRD productivity, value addition, and resource efficiency. ADB support will focus on three key areas: (i) enhancing agricultural productivity through a whole-of-system water resources management approach, (ii) strengthening agricultural value chains, and (iii) improving natural resources management and disaster resilience.




Developing Agriculture and Tourism for Inclusive Growth in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic


Book Description

This report explores potential links between the agriculture and tourism sectors that could strengthen infrastructure development and inclusive growth in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Over the last 3 decades, the Lao People's Democratic Republic has seen remarkable economic growth, with per capita income quadrupling between 1989 and 2019. However, this growth has been accompanied by widening inequality as the economy generated limited job opportunities beyond agriculture. In the aftermath of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, this report emphasizes the need to develop synergies between agriculture and tourism. It recommends investing in infrastructure, human capital, and digital connectivity among other development areas in the country's agriculture and tourism sectors.




Knowledge First


Book Description

This report summarizes the progress of the Southeast Asia Department (SERD) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in mainstreaming knowledge in its development support to countries supported by the department in 2010-2011. It outlines the guiding principles of a knowledge management framework in the context of the ADB operations cycle, and summarizes selected knowledge products generated, disseminated, and used in SERD lending and nonlending operations at different stages of the cycle. The report concludes with lessons and recommendations on the further strengthening of the "knowledge first, finance follows" principle to more effectively meet the increasing demands by each client country for knowledge as an integral part of ADB development assistance to the region.




Legal Reform in the Contemporary Socialist World


Book Description

Legal Reform in the Contemporary Socialist World explores four decades of legal reform in the socialist countries of China, Vietnam, Laos, North Korea, and Cuba from a comparative perspective. Spanning the late 1970s to the present, it examines various projects, methods, strategies, contents, driving forces, and limitations of legislative reform, administrative reform, judicial reform, and reform of the legal profession. Legal reform in these countries is the project of the political elite to improve the legal system while retaining its core socialist principles. It is carried out through legislative enactments, amendments, and replacements, which the political elite adopt using incremental strategies to reform the legal system sporadically or systematically. Socialist legal reform is animated by the political aspiration to create the rule of law, the impact of social-economic change, and the influence of transnational and comparative law. Despite significant reforms, the socialist principles of the legal systems in these countries largely remain intact. This legal reform, however, varies considerably by country. Legal Reform in the Contemporary Socialist World offers a holistic view of understudied jurisdictions in comparative law, essential for anyone studying or working in these areas in law, politics, or policy.




Understanding the impact of planted forest on smallholder livestock farmers and their livelihoods in the Greater Mekong Subregion


Book Description

Significant forest change in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) has resulted in deforestation of primary forests and expansion of plantation forests. Although plantation forest development benefits rural communities through income generation and employment opportunities, there have been negative impacts, including reductions in livestock grazing land and collection of non-timber forest products. This study analysed the association between primary forests, plantation forests, grazing areas and large ruminant populations in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Viet Nam. The report showed that livestock populations in the GMS are dynamic and have been under pressure due to enhanced trade and demand in red meat in China and Viet Nam, with a generally positive association between planted forest areas and populations of cattle and buffalo in Lao PDR and Viet Nam indicated. Tree plantations were an important source of income and generally perceived as having a positive impact on rural livelihoods, despite negatively impacts in grazing land availability. It is recommended that integrative approaches that include the collection of household level data to assess the impact on smallholder livelihoods and the collection of regional level data to capture forest changes in future forest assessments, enabling a more comprehensive understanding of the association between primary forests and planted forest on smallholder livestock production. Silvopastoral models have the potential to provide more viable and sustainable alternatives to the current forestry and livestock production models, supporting the transformation to more sustainable agriculture for better production, better environment, and sustainable development goals in GMS countries and beyond.




Agricultural Trade between China and the Greater Mekong Subregion Countries


Book Description

“This book provides new insights into the important and developing agricultural value chains, including on current constraints and the enormity of opportunities, emanating in the dynamic GMS, especially through to their main giant market of China. Analysis in the GMS countries forms comparable case studies of major crops using mappings of their key processes and actors, as well as both qualitative and quantitative data, including primary data collection such as from new surveys. The analysis uses understandable methodologies, such as graphical cross-country comparisons, and established ratios, such as on comparative advantage, to provide useful insights into GMS agricultural value chains. A particular focus in the case studies is better understanding of the role Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) might play in constraining agricultural exports to China and approaches to addressing these that are more inclusive and economically rewarding. I recommend this valuable book to those interested in agricultural trade in GMS countries and China, as well as the characteristics of their agricultural value chains, and their contribution to these countries’ development.” -- Dr Ray Trewin, Former Fellow, ANU and editor of Crucial Agricultural Policy (World Scientific, 2016). “The Greater Mekong Subregion encompasses several open, dynamic, latecomer economies. Over the past thirty years, they have benefited immensely from the restoration of peace, their re-engagement with the regional and global economies, and the rise of China. The region as a whole is a net food exporter with a strong comparative advantage in agriculture. How they manage their international commercial relations, with China in particular, will significantly influence their future socio-economic dynamics. The authors and contributors, all leading researchers in the field, are to be congratulated for this timely and authoritative volume that comprehensively examines the issues and charts a productive way forward. A must-read for anybody interested in these important issues and countries.” -- Professor Hal Hill, H.W. Arndt Professor Emeritus of the Southeast Asian Economies, ANU




Harnessing Uzbekistan’s Potential of Urbanization


Book Description

The National Urban Assessment for Uzbekistan examines the progress of urbanization and the development and current state of government policies and programs in the country. It recommends various pathways to sustainable urbanization, including reforms in urban planning. Particular focus is given on economy, equity, environmental quality, and climate change as well as enhancing the quality and reliability of urban services and increasing the supply of affordable housing, among others. The report is also a useful guide for strategic investment planning across key urban infrastructure sectors in Uzbekistan.







Cambodia Transport Sector Assessment, Strategy, and Road Map


Book Description

Cambodia's transport sector plays a critical role in the country's economic development by supporting growth in key sectors such as agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, and construction. This publication examines Cambodia's transport sector performance, major development constraints, and the government's strategy and plans. It also reflects on lessons learned from past Asian Development Bank (ADB) assistance and identifies potential areas for future support, including knowledge initiatives and investments. The publication serves as a basis for further dialogue on how ADB and the government can collaborate to effectively develop the transport sector in the coming years.