Shock Wave-Boundary-Layer Interactions


Book Description

Shock wave-boundary-layer interaction (SBLI) is a fundamental phenomenon in gas dynamics that is observed in many practical situations, ranging from transonic aircraft wings to hypersonic vehicles and engines. SBLIs have the potential to pose serious problems in a flowfield; hence they often prove to be a critical - or even design limiting - issue for many aerospace applications. This is the first book devoted solely to a comprehensive, state-of-the-art explanation of this phenomenon. It includes a description of the basic fluid mechanics of SBLIs plus contributions from leading international experts who share their insight into their physics and the impact they have in practical flow situations. This book is for practitioners and graduate students in aerodynamics who wish to familiarize themselves with all aspects of SBLI flows. It is a valuable resource for specialists because it compiles experimental, computational and theoretical knowledge in one place.







Shock Wave-Boundary-Layer Interactions


Book Description

Shock Wave/Boundary Layer Interaction (SBLI) is a fundamental phenomenon in gasdynamics and frequently a defining feature in high speed aerodynamic flowfields. The interactions can be found in practical situations, ranging from transonic aircraft wings to hypersonic vehicles and engines. SBLI's have the potential to pose serious problems and is thus a critical issue for aerospace applications. This is the first book devoted solely to a comprehensive, state of the art explanation of the phenomenon with coverage of all flow regimes where SBLI's occur. The book includes contributions from leading international experts who share their insight into SBLI physics and the impact of these interactions on practical flow situations. This book is aimed at practitioners and graduate students in aerodynamics who wish to familiarise themselves with all aspects of SBLI flows. It is a valuable resource for the specialist because it gathers experimental, computational and theoretical knowledge in one place.







Hypersonic Shock Wave Turbulent Boundary Layers


Book Description

Hypersonic turbulent boundary layers are a fundamental phenomenon in high-speed flight. The interaction of shock waves with hypersonic turbulent boundary layers has a critical impact on vehicle aerothermodynamic loading including surface heat transfer, pressure and skin friction. This book provides a comprehensive exposition of hypersonic turbulent boundary layers, including the fundamental mathematical theory, structure of equilibrium boundary layers, and extensive surveys of Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and experiments. It also provides a roadmap for both future experiments and DNS and LES simulations. Descriptions of hypersonic ground test facilities is included as an appendix. As a research and reference text, this book would appeal to graduate students and researchers in hypersonics and could be the basis for professional training courses.




Delayed-detached-eddy Simulation of Shock Wave/turbulent Boundary Layer Interaction


Book Description

The purpose of this thesis is to study the shock/wave turbulent boundary layer interaction by using delayed-detached-eddy simulation (DDES) model with a low diffusion E-CUSP (LDE) scheme with fifth-order WENO scheme. The results show that DDES simulation provides improved results for the shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction compared to those of its predecessor the detached-eddy simulation (DES). The computation of mesh refinement indicates that the grid density has significant effects on the results of DES, while being resolved by applying DDES simulation. Spalart in 1997 developed the Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) model, which is a hybrid RANS and LES method, to overcome the intensive CPU requirement from LES models. Near the solid surface within a wall boundary layer, the unsteady RANS model is realized. Away from the wall surface, the model automatically converts to LES. The Delayed-Detached-Eddy Simulation (DDES) was suggested by Spalart in 2006 to improve the DES model previously developed. The transition from the RANS model to LES in DES is not grid spacing independent, therefore a blending function is introduced to the recently developed DDES model to make the transition from RANS to LES grid spacing independent. The DDES is validated by computing a 3D subsonic flat plate turbulent boundary layer. The first case studied using DDES is a 3D transonic channel with shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction. It consists of two straight side walls, a straight top wall, and a varying shape in span-wise direction for a bottom wall. The second case studied consists of a 3D transonic inlet-diffuser. Both results are compared with experimental data. The computed results of the transonic channel agree well with experimental data.




High Order Large Eddy Simulation for Shock-Boundary Layer Interaction Control by a Micro-ramp Vortex Generator


Book Description

This volume presents an implicitly implemented large eddy simulation (ILES) by using the fifth order bandwidth-optimized WENO scheme. The chosen method is applied to make comprehensive studies on ramp flows with and without control at Mach 2.5 and Re=5760. Flow control in the form of microramp vortex generators (MVG) is applied. The results show that a MVG can distinctly reduce the separation zone at the ramp corner and lower the boundary layer shape factor under simulated conditions. A series of new findings about the MVG-ramp flow are obtained, including structures relevant to surface pressure, three-dimensional structures of the re-compression shock waves, a complete surface separation pattern, momentum deficit and a new secondary vortex system. A new mechanism of shock-boundary layer interaction control by MVG associated with a series of vortex rings is also presented. Vortex rings strongly interact with air flow and play an important role in the separation zone reduction. Additionally, readers will learn about the governing equation, boundary condition, high quality grid generation, high order shock capturing scheme and DNS inflow condition in detail. This volume will, therefore, serve as a useful reference for aerospace researchers using LES methods to study shock boundary layer interaction and supersonic flow control.




Shock Wave Turbulent Boundary Layer Interaction Over a Protrusion


Book Description

This research attempts to investigate an important and common phenomenon in aerodynamics called shock interaction in a turbulent flow's boundary layer. Due to advancements in current computational units, more complex geometries could be simulated with providing more accurate results. The tools used in this investigation are computational turbulent model of hybrid RANS/LES, called detached eddy simulation (DES). DES and its variant delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) were the two computational schemes used for numerical simulation. Two protrusions were focused on in this work: a symmetrical bump and a proposed aircraft UHF antenna. Computation where performed with commercial software Cobalt and FLUENT in the High Performance Computing Center (HiPeCC) in Wichita State University. Computational simulation is costly in terms of energy consumption and time usage. Even so with the advanced computational units of HiPeCC, using in average of 18 processors, total simulation for this research took over 2 months of simulation.




Large Eddy Simulation of Supersonic Inlet Flows


Book Description

The interaction of a shock wave with a turbulent boundary layer is a central problem in supersonic inlet flows. This work uses numerical and analytical techniques to study shock/turbulence interaction in order to identify and explain factors important in shock/boundary layer interaction. Direct numerical simulation of a normal shock wave with an isotropic turbulent field of vorticity and entropy fluctuations showed that negative upstream correlation between the vorticity and entropy fluctuations enhances the turbulence across the shock. Positive upstream correlation has a suppressing effect. A new numerical method providing excellent high wavenumber resolution while reducing the computational cost was developed. A model with no adjustable constants was developed to study the vortex breakdown resulting from the interaction of canard or forbody vortices with the shock waves in a supersonic inlet flow. Very good agreement with both experiment and computation was obtained. A numerical method to compute shock/turbulence interaction using a conservative form of the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) equations has been developed and validated. LES of the interaction of isotropic turbulence with a normal shock was performed and comparisons with direct numerical simulation (DNS) results were favorable. A new Fortran 90 code has been developed for the computation of shock/turbulence interaction. The code is an improved version of codes used previously in shock/turbulence interaction simulations.