Language Conflicts in Contemporary Estonia, Latvia, and Ukraine


Book Description

How are language policy and usage politicized in contemporary Estonia, Latvia, and Ukraine? This study presents a cross-cultural qualitative and quantitative analysis of publications in leading Russian-language blogs and news websites of these three post-Soviet states during the period of 2004-2017.




The Hungarian Language in the Digital Age


Book Description

This white paper is part of a series that promotes knowledge about language technology and its potential. It addresses educators, journalists, politicians, language communities and others. The availability and use of language technology in Europe varies between languages. Consequently, the actions that are required to further support research and development of language technologies also differ for each language. The required actions depend on many factors, such as the complexity of a given language and the size of its community. META-NET, a Network of Excellence funded by the European Commission, has conducted an analysis of current language resources and technologies. This analysis focused on the 23 official European languages as well as other important national and regional languages in Europe. The results of this analysis suggest that there are many significant research gaps for each language. A more detailed expert analysis and assessment of the current situation will help maximise the impact of additional research and minimize any risks. META-NET consists of 54 research centres from 33 countries that are working with stakeholders from commercial businesses, government agencies, industry, research organisations, software companies, technology providers and European universities. Together, they are creating a common technology vision while developing a strategic research agenda that shows how language technology applications can address any research gaps by 2020.




Colloquial Latvian


Book Description

This new edition of Colloquial Latvian has been completely rewritten to make learning Latvian easier and more enjoyable than ever before! Specially written by experienced teachers for self-study or class use, the course offers a step-by-step approach to written and spoken Latvian. No prior knowledge of the language is required. What makes Colloquial Latvian your best choice in personal language learning? interactive – lots of exercises for regular practice clear – concise grammar notes practical – useful vocabulary and pronunciation guide complete – including answer key and reference section. By the end of this rewarding course, you will be able to communicate confidently and effectively in Latvian in a broad range of everyday situations. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.




The Latvian Language in the Digital Age


Book Description

This white paper is part of a series that promotes knowledge about language technology and its potential. It addresses educators, journalists, politicians, language communities and others. The availability and use of language technology in Europe varies between languages. Consequently, the actions that are required to further support research and development of language technologies also differ for each language. The required actions depend on many factors, such as the complexity of a given language and the size of its community. META-NET, a Network of Excellence funded by the European Commission, has conducted an analysis of current language resources and technologies. This analysis focused on the 23 official European languages as well as other important national and regional languages in Europe. The results of this analysis suggest that there are many significant research gaps for each language. A more detailed expert analysis and assessment of the current situation will help maximise the impact of additional research and minimize any risks. META-NET consists of 54 research centres from 33 countries that are working with stakeholders from commercial businesses, government agencies, industry, research organisations, software companies, technology providers and European universities. Together, they are creating a common technology vision while developing a strategic research agenda that shows how language technology applications can address any research gaps by 2020.




Complete Latvian


Book Description

Do you want to develop a solid understanding of Latvian and communicate confidently with others? Through authentic conversations, vocabulary building, grammar explanations and extensive practice and review, Complete Latvian will equip you with the skills you need to use Latvian in a variety of settings and situations, developing your cultural awareness along the way. The course is structured in thematic units and the emphasis is placed on communication, so that you effortlessly progress from introducing yourself and dealing with everyday situations, to using the phone and talking about work. What will I achieve by the end of the course? By the end of Complete Latvian you will have a solid intermediate-level grounding in the four key skills - reading, writing, speaking and listening - and be able to communicate with confidence and accuracy. Based on the author's many years of experience, you'll receive instant help with common problems and quick tips for success. Is this course for me? If you want to move confidently from beginner to intermediate level, this is the course for you. It's perfect for the self-study learner, with a one-to-one tutor, or for the beginner classroom. What do I get? -14 learning units plus grammar reference and word glossary -One, five and ten-minute introductions to key principles to get you started -Teaches the key skills - reading, writing, listening, and speaking -Culture notes - learn about the people and places of Latvia -Outcomes-based learning - focus your studies with clear aims -Authentic listening activities - everyday conversations give you a flavour of real spoken Latvian -Test Yourself - see and track your own progress *Complete Latvian maps from A1 Beginner to B1/B2 Upper Intermediate level of the CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) guidelines and from Novice-Low to Advanced-Mid level of the ACTFL (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages) proficiency guidelines. The audio for this course can be downloaded from the Teach Yourself Library app or streamed at library.teachyourself.com. Rely on Teach Yourself, trusted by language learners for over 80 years.




Introduction to Latvia


Book Description

Latvia is a small country located in northern Europe, bordered by Estonia, Russia, Belarus, and Lithuania. After over 50 years of Soviet rule, Latvia gained its independence in 1991 and joined the European Union in 2004. The country is known for its picturesque countryside, dense forests, and stunning beaches along its 500-kilometer coastline. Latvia’s capital city, Riga, is a UNESCO World Heritage site famous for its well-preserved medieval architecture, lively nightlife, and cosmopolitan atmosphere. The country has a population of around 1.9 million, with most people living in urban areas. The official language is Latvian, a Baltic language spoken by the majority of the population, but many people also speak English, Russian, and German. The Latvian economy has undergone significant growth and transformation since independence. The country is a member of the eurozone and has a highly skilled workforce, making it an attractive destination for foreign investors. The economy is based on a mixture of industries, with a strong focus on manufacturing, agriculture, and services. The country is also known for its IT sector, and Riga is home to a number of international technology companies. Latvia has a rich cultural heritage, with a history that dates back to the 12th century. The country celebrates many festivals and holidays throughout the year, including the Latvian Song and Dance Festival, which takes place every five years and attracts thousands of performers and visitors. Overall, Latvia is a vibrant and diverse country with a range of cultural, economic, and natural attractions that make it an intriguing destination for tourists, expats, and investors alike.




Latvian: An Essential Grammar


Book Description

Latvian: An Essential Grammar is a concise, user-friendly guide to the basic grammatical structures of Latvian. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations to set out the complexities of Latvian in short, readable sections. Key features include: clear grammar explanations frequent use of authentic examples pronunciation guide, bibliography and subject index. This is the ideal reference source both for those studying Latvian independently and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types to back up their studies.




Latvian Language


Book Description

For Beginners of This Language But Not For Children




In the Shadow of Death


Book Description

Rūdolfs Blaumanis's 1899 short story masterpiece, based on a contemporary newspaper account, tells of several fishermen lost at sea after the ice floe on which they work calves off and drifts away rapidly. One by one, the thirteen men and a boy must deal with the creeping reality that they may not see the mainland -- or their loved ones -- again. There is fish to eat, and two horses if necessary, but the very surface of the floe is eroding steadily ... and the nights are cold and terrible. Without ever moralising or over-elaborating, Blaumanis coolly and efficiently observes the state of each of the main characters in turn, whether natural leaders, optimists, craven opportunists, terrified, stoic, compassionate or alienated. In the shadow of encroaching death, each must come to some kind of reckoning.




Latvians in Michigan


Book Description

Latvians have contributed to the cultural mosaic and economy of Michigan far more than one might imagine. There are three large Latvian communities in Michigan—Kalamazoo, Detroit, and Grand Rapids—with several smaller enclaves elsewhere in the state. An underlying goal of Latvians who now live in Michigan, as well as other parts of the United States and Canada, is to maintain their language and culture. More than five thousand Latvians came to Michigan after World War II, found gainful employment, purchased homes, and became a part of the Michigan population. Most sought to reeducate themselves and struggled to educate their children in Michigan’s many colleges and universities. Latvians in Michigan examines Latvia and its history, and describes how World War II culminated in famine, death, and eventual flight from their homeland by many Latvian refugees. After the war ended, most Latvian emigrants eventually made their way to Sweden or Germany, where they lived in displaced persons camps. From there, the emigrants were sponsored by individuals or organizations and they moved once again to other parts of the world. Many came to the United States, where they established new roots and tried to perpetuate their cultural heritage while establishing new lives.