The Copyright Wars


Book Description

Today's copyright wars can seem unprecedented. Sparked by the digital revolution that has made copyright—and its violation—a part of everyday life, fights over intellectual property have pitted creators, Hollywood, and governments against consumers, pirates, Silicon Valley, and open-access advocates. But while the digital generation can be forgiven for thinking the dispute between, for example, the publishing industry and Google is completely new, the copyright wars in fact stretch back three centuries—and their history is essential to understanding today’s battles. The Copyright Wars—the first major trans-Atlantic history of copyright from its origins to today—tells this important story. Peter Baldwin explains why the copyright wars have always been driven by a fundamental tension. Should copyright assure authors and rights holders lasting claims, much like conventional property rights, as in Continental Europe? Or should copyright be primarily concerned with giving consumers cheap and easy access to a shared culture, as in Britain and America? The Copyright Wars describes how the Continental approach triumphed, dramatically increasing the claims of rights holders. The book also tells the widely forgotten story of how America went from being a leading copyright opponent and pirate in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to become the world’s intellectual property policeman in the late twentieth. As it became a net cultural exporter and its content industries saw their advantage in the Continental ideology of strong authors’ rights, the United States reversed position on copyright, weakening its commitment to the ideal of universal enlightenment—a history that reveals that today’s open-access advocates are heirs of a venerable American tradition. Compelling and wide-ranging, The Copyright Wars is indispensable for understanding a crucial economic, cultural, and political conflict that has reignited in our own time.







Le Droit d'auteur


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The Object of Copyright


Book Description

Recent years have seen a number of pressing developments in copyright law: there has been an enormous increase in the range and type of work accorded protection; the concept of the ‘original work’ has entered into national copyright acts; and intangible entities are now entitled to protection by copyright. All these are consequences of legislative and technological developments that can be traced back over two centuries and more. the result. This book presents an interdisciplinary study of the growth of copyright law, largely based on archival research and on archival materials only recently made available online. The new history here articulated helps to explain why print is no longer today the sole or even the chief object of copyright protection. Taking its key examples from British, French and Danish copyright law, the book begins by exploring how the earliest copyright laws emerged out of the technological understanding of a printed ‘copy,’ and out of the philosophical notions of originals and copies, tangibles and intangibles. Dr Teilmann-Lockgoes on to examine the concept of the ‘work’ as it develops both conceptually and legally, as the object of protection, and then explains how, in a curious consequence, 'the work' turns the ‘copy’ into the 'mere' material instantiation of the intangible 'original'. The book concludes by addressing the considerable and complicated problems now emerging in copyright law following the inclusion of design within the scope of its protection. In this field Danish law, striving to protect Danish design, has been setting the trend for over a hundred years. In its examination of terminological exchanges between the diverse legal traditions and philosophical discourse, and in its thorough investigation of particular terms central to copyright legislation, this interdisciplinary book will be of great interest to scholars and students of copyright and intellectual property law; it also makes an important contribution to literary studies, legal history and cultural theory.










Droit d'auteur et copyright


Book Description




Copyright and Piracy


Book Description

An understanding of the changing nature of the law and practice of copyright infringement is a task too big for lawyers alone; it requires additional inputs from economists, historians, technologists, sociologists, cultural theorists and criminologists. Where is the boundary to be drawn between illegal imitation and legal inspiration? Would the answer be different for creators, artists and experts from different disciplines or fields? How have concepts of copyright infringement altered over time and how do such changes relate, if at all, to the cultural norms operating amongst creators in different fields? With such an approach, one might perhaps begin to address the vital and overarching question of whether strong copyright laws, rigorously enforced, impede rather than promote creativity. And what can be done to avoid any such adverse consequences, while maintaining the effectiveness of copyright as an incentive-mechanism for those who need it?




La protection des droits d'auteurs en France et aux Etats-Unis


Book Description

Dans le domaine de la protection des oeuvres de l'esprit, beaucoup d'auteurs ont opposé le droit d'auteur, conception civiliste, et le copyright, approche de common law. Il serait néanmoins assez réducteur de définir le premier comme un droit respectueux de la personne accordant à celle-ci les fruits de son travail et d'assimiler la seconde à un enjeu économique sur des "marchandises" dont l'auteur se fait aisément déposséder. Dans une première partie, la comparaison des différentes oeuvres protégées et les conditions d'application de cette protection met en lumière la similitude des problèmes rencontrés, similitude qui a permis une évolution interne autonome comparable dans des systèmes a priori divergents. Bien que des différences apparaissent au niveau des fondements des deux systèmes, il existe beaucoup de traits commùns induits par des impératifs pratiques, notamment dans le domaine des nouvelles technologies. Dans une deuxième partie, la comparaison des droits accordés et de la gestion des atteintes licites ou illicites aux droits d'auteur met en évidence les dérives connues par chaque système : les droits d'auteur vers un aspect plus économique, le copyright vers une personnalisation de la protection. Peut-être tout simplement parce que la protection la plus adaptée aux problèmes rencontrés par les titulaires de droits est un juste milieu entre ces deux notions. Le droit d'auteur arbitre en effet un jeu délicat entre divers intérêts particuliers qui ne coïncident pas toujours : intérêt de l'auteur, du public, du destinataire de l'oeuvre et des intermédiaires sur le marché. Olaceer le créateur au centre de ce jeu n'est pas toujours réalisable et réalisé en pratique. Des deux cotés de l'Atlantique, la protection devient finalement la rémunération du travail de création ou de la prise de risques et le fait que les investisseurs puisssent être protégés pour leur rôle participatif à la création témoigne de la recherche d'un équilibre pour un système plus performant.