Rôle Des Consortiums de R-d Dans Le Développement de la Technologie


Book Description

Technology consortia are technology alliances among business firms, universities and governments. They are formed to share increasingly rising costs and risks associated with undertaking basic or precompetitive research and development. This study analyzes the role of R & D consortia in technology development. We have primarily focussed on the growth of technology consortia in the United States, the participation of Canadian companies in those consortia, and the institutional barriers to Canadian membership in American R & D alliances.







Technologie Et Économie


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Micro et nanosystèmes autonomes en énergie : des applications aux fonctions et technologies (Traité EGEM, série électronique et micro-électronique)


Book Description

Cet ouvrage propose un panorama détaillé des micro et nanosystèmes autonomes en énergie, couvrant à la fois les principes mis en oeuvre et les derniers développements. Une étude approfondie d'applications dans les domaines aéronautiques, médicaux et du contrôle des bâtiments permet de dresser les grandes spécifications de tels systèmes et de leurs sous-composants. Les techniques les plus récentes de récupération et conversion d'énergie d'origine photovoltaïque, thermique et mécanique sont présentées. Un état de l'art sur les interfaces capteurs, le traitement du signal numérique et les liaisons radiofréquence, ultra-basse consommation, complète ce panorama. Enfin, des techniques d'optimisation de l'énergie au niveau du microsystème/noeud de capteur et d'un réseau de capteurs sont introduites et discutées.




Discussion Paper


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Technologie Et Demande de Compétences


Book Description

This paper examines the effect of technological change on the relative demand for skilled workers across Canadian industries. Using data from a number of Canadian labour market surveys, the paper examines whether skill intensity has risen across industries over the 1981-1994 period, and whether biased technological change is the main cause of the shift in demand toward skilled workers. The paper develops two industry-based skill measures: one based on the skill classification identified in the National Occupational Classification (NOC), and the other based on the skill classification scheme proposed by Wolff and Baumol. It then combines data on skills with four industry-level measures of technology: the stock of research and development (R&D), the stock of patents used by the industry, total factor productivity, and the age of the capital stock.




Développement Durable


Book Description

After providing an historical perspective, the paper presents in a first part the three dimensions of SD and eight attributes that are common to most approaches even though these properties are variously interpreted and a common SD definition to most approaches is still elusive. This is followed by a look at the way neo-classical economics has attempted to fomalize these properties. The paper then discusses the concept of carrying capacity. In a second part, the paper examines SD at the international level from both a theoretical and institutional point of view. A third part of this paper looks at SD in an open economy. In a fourth part, the paper looks at SD at the industrial level. Finally, in a fifth part, the paper examines how external and internal factors contribute to promoting SD at the firm level.




Managing Technologies and Automated Library Systems in Developing Countries: Open Source vs Commercial Options


Book Description

The theme of this meeting was the management of technologies in the context of developing countries, and in the light of recent developments concerning especially open source software and applications. Speakers from various countries debated in English and in French over the importance of changing the rules concerning library management systems, as well as related implications. Results show that open source software might be a solution, although some conditions apply. Réunis sous le thème de la gestion des systèmes automatisés de bibliothèques dans les pays en développement, conférenciers et participants discutèrent des changements récents dans ce domaine, notamment de l'apport des logiciels à code source ouvert. Les conférenciers, provenant de différents pays, présentèrent en anglais et en français leurs différents points de vue et expériences sur cette question importante pour l'avenir, de même que sur les implications qui y sont liées. Les résultats démontrent que les logiciels à code source ouverts peuvent être une solution, mais à certaines conditions.




Libéralisation des échanges et migration de travailleurs qualifiés


Book Description

The purpose of this study is to identify and assess how closer economic integration between Canada and the United States as manifested in the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) may have affected bilateral migration flows between the two countries. The 2nd section provides a brief theoretical overview of the linkages between trade liberalisation and labour markets that, in turn, imply linkages with incentives to migrate. Section 3 discusses recent legislative changes affecting the incentives and abilities of Canadians to migrate to the United States, and briefly considers the associated welfare implications for Canada. Section 4 presents and evaluates data on bilateral migration patterns, especially temporary migration under the NAFTA. Section 5 briefly addresses the policy implications of temporary migration under the NAFTA.




Technologies and Innovations for Development


Book Description

Technological innovation – combined with scientific research – has always constituted a driving force of transformation in our societies. At the same time, it is no longer simply possible to transfer technologies from the North to the South; it is also essential to consider technical innovations that are adapted to the social, environmental, cultural and economic conditions of receiving countries, and which can be appropriated by their potential users and as such prove to be real technologies for fostering development. The first International Scientific Conference on the topic organized by the UNESCO Chair Technologies for Development at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in 2010 focused on its four priority sectors: Technologies for Sustainable Development of Habitat and Cities, ICTs for the Environment, Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction, and Technologies for the Production of Sustainable Energy. This volume reflects the main outcomes of the conference and provides some significant orientation and success criteria for the effective implementation and use of innovative technologies, their aims, their particular applications in the context of developing countries, their accessibility for users, and their appropriation by producers and stakeholders in the field of development both in the North and South, thus ensuring their sustainability. This kind of scientific cooperation also highlights the added values for northern researchers in sharing their knowledge and know-how, leading to a real win-win partnership. The authors gathered within this book include representatives from academic and research institutions and other organizations from diverse countries and offer a significant synergy of competences, approaches and disciplines.