Lexical Inferencing in a First and Second Language


Book Description

This book presents a comprehensive review of previous research on lexical inferencing, co-authored by Kirsten Haastrup, and a major new trilingual study of lexical inferencing by both first (L1) and second language (L2) readers. Research since the 1970s on this apparently universal cognitive process in L2 reading and vocabulary learning is surveyed, including the kinds of knowledge and textual cues L2 readers use when inferring unknown word meanings, factors influencing their success and knowledge retention, and relevant theory. A comparative study of L1 and L2 lexical inferencing by Persian and French and English speakers is then presented, focusing on evidence of L1 transfer in the L2 inferencing process, its success and readers’ gains in L2 word knowledge. Influences of the specific L1 are distinguished from those of native versus non-native proficiency, relative cultural familiarity of texts, readers’ L2 proficiency, text language features and other factors. The relative typological distance between readers’ L1 and L2 is reflected in systematic differences between L1 speakers of Persian and French in their L2 lexical inferencing. Implications are drawn for L2 instruction at advanced levels.










Processes in Third Language Acquisition


Book Description

This volume brings together six case studies of an adult multilingual speaker who acquires a new language through social interaction. The book deals especially with the multilingual situation, the learner's acquisitional activities, and the involvement of background languages in the process of speaking. It offers a coherent study of various linguistic phenomena in one individual, including patterns and functions of language switching, word search in interaction, hypothetical construction of words, and articulatory settings in speaking. The main languages involved are English (L1), German (L2) and Swedish (L3). The activation of these languages in the learner's speech is examined in a cognitive perspective in relation to current models of the speaking process. A longitudinal corpus of NNS"e;NS conversations covering 21 months from the beginner stage provides the main data for these studies.Key Features:*Presents an example of an active and purposeful language acquirer*Explores cross-linguistic influence in a multilingual setting*Highlights the significance of prior L2 knowledge in L3 performance*Useful for students and researchers interested in second and third language acquisition, individual multilingualism and the human speaking process.




Vocabulary in a Second Language


Book Description

The eleven chapters of Vocabulary in a Second Language are written by the world's leading researchers in the field of vocabulary studies in second language acquisition. Each chapter presents experimental research leading to new conclusions about and insights into the selection, the learning and teaching, or the testing of vocabulary knowledge in foreign languages. This book is intended as an up-to-date overview of the important domain of the lexicon for researchers in the field of second language acquisition, teacher trainers and professional teachers of second or foreign languages.




Vocabulary and Writing in a First and Second Language


Book Description

Listening to the voices of learners as they write an essay or try to cope with unfamiliar words in a text is a luxury often reserved for researchers. This book observes individuals performing similar tasks in their first and their foreign language and invites readers with an interest in foreign language acquisition to follow the same learners in their efforts to cope in both languages.




Using Pedagogic Intervention to Cultivate Contextual Lexical Competence in L2


Book Description

This book challenges prevailing linguistic presumptions concerning contextual lexical meaning by examining whether pedagogic intervention targeted at raising Chinese EFL learners’ awareness of the pragmatic nature of contextual lexical meaning can enhance the learners’ contextual lexical inferencing competence (CLIC). CLIC is crucial to the development of a learners’ vocabulary, reading ability and autonomy in reading. Through an empirical study conducted among a group of adult Chinese students of English, the author shows that the power of CLIC instruction lies mainly in its effectiveness in enhancing learners’ self-confidence in making lexical inferences. This book will be of interest to researchers and students of applied linguistics, TESOL, language education, and for language professionals keen to extend their research experience.




Approaches to Learning, Testing and Researching L2 Vocabulary


Book Description

This volume brings together a collection of chapters focused on the learning, testing, and researching of L2 vocabulary by leading international researchers including Paul Nation, Batia Laufer, Frank Boers, Elke Peters, Ana Pellicer-Sánchez, Anna Siyanova-Chanturia, and Stuart Webb. Questions that are examined include: Is it useful to read a book to learn vocabulary? Which types of input encountered outside of the classroom contribute most to vocabulary knowledge? What are the most useful words to learn to understand the academic spoken language in mathematics, biology, and engineering lectures? Does writing words contribute to vocabulary learning? What should a test measuring the skill of guessing from context consist of? Should loan words be included in vocabulary tests? How should we evaluate vocabulary learning that occurs through watching captioned video? How has eye-tracking been used in vocabulary research? Together, the chapters in this volume highlight innovation in vocabulary studies and many directions for researching, testing, and learning words. Originally published as special issue of ITL – International Journal of Applied Linguistics 169:1 (2018)




Teaching and Learning Chinese as a Foreign or Second Language: The Educational Psychology Perspective


Book Description

Over the past two decades, Chinese as a foreign or second language (CFL/CSL) has been increasingly taught and learnt as an important language both within and outside China. Studies in the field have attempted to address deep-seated tensions between existing educational ideologies, concepts, strategies, and approaches and student learning process and performance, and between existent teaching methods and techniques and the globalization of Chinese language education.