Light and Video Microscopy


Book Description

The purpose of this book is to provide the most comprehensive, easy-to-use, and informative guide on light microscopy. Light and Video Microscopy will prepare the reader for the accurate interpretation of an image and understanding of the living cell. With the presentation of geometrical optics, it will assist the reader in understanding image formation and light movement within the microscope. It also provides an explanation of the basic modes of light microscopy and the components of modern electronic imaging systems and guides the reader in determining the physicochemical information of living and developing cells, which influence interpretation. - Brings together mathematics, physics, and biology to provide a broad and deep understanding of the light microscope - Clearly develops all ideas from historical and logical foundations - Laboratory exercises included to assist the reader with practical applications - Microscope discussions include: bright field microscope, dark field microscope, oblique illumination, phase-contrast microscope, photomicrography, fluorescence microscope, polarization microscope, interference microscope, differential interference microscope, and modulation contrast microscope




Video Microscopy


Book Description

Ever since television became practical in the early 1950s, closed-circuit television (CCTV) in conjunction with the light microscope has provided large screen display, raised image contrast, and made the images formed by ultraviolet and infrared rays visible. With the introduction of large-scale integrated circuits in the last decade, TV equipment has improved by leaps and bounds, as has its application in microscopy. With modem CCTV, sometimes with the help of digital computers, we can distill the image from a scene that appears to be nothing but noise; capture fluorescence too dim to be seen; visualize structures far below the limit of resolution; crispen images hidden in fog; measure, count, and sort objects; and record in time-lapsed and high-speed sequences through the light microscope without great difficulty. In fact, video is becoming indispensable for harnessing the fullest capacity of the light microscope, a capacity that itself is much greater than could have been envisioned just a few years ago. The time seemed ripe then to review the basics of video, and of microscopy, and to examine how the two could best be combined to accomplish these tasks. The Marine Biological Laboratory short courses on Analytical and Quantitative Light Microscopy in Biology, Medicine, and the Materials Sciences, and the many inquiries I received on video microscopy, supported such an effort, and Kirk Jensen of Plenum Press persuaded me of its worth.




Light and Video Microscopy


Book Description

Light and Video Microscopy, Third Edition provides a step-by-step journey through philosophy, psychology and the geometrical and physical optics involved in interpreting images formed by light microscopes. The book addresses the intricacies necessary to set up light microscopes that allow one to visualize transparent specimens and, in the process, quantitatively determine various physico-chemical properties of specimens. This updated edition includes the most recent developments in microscopy, ensuring that it continues to be the most comprehensive, easy-to-use, and informative guide on light microscopy. With its presentation of geometrical optics, it assists the reader in understanding image formation and light movement within the microscope. - Provides a fully-revised, updated resource on three-dimensional (3D) structures - Contains a new appendices on Diffraction Theory and Advanced Image Processing - Provides practical applications, lab exercises and case studies on the mathematics, physics and biology used in microscopy - Discusses bright field, dark field, phase-contrast, fluorescence, interference, differential interference and modulation contrast microscopes, oblique illumination and photomicrography







Light Microscopy in Biology


Book Description

Since the first edition of Light Microscopy in Biology: A Practical approach was published, techniques in modern light microscopy have improved considerably. This fully updated edition includes revised topics from the first edition as well as coverage of techniques and technologies that have been developed since it was published. As before, the book starts with an explanation of the basic techniques, and goes on to describe current methods in: chromosome microscopy, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence microscopy, image building and video microscopy. Totally new topics covered include: confocal microscopy, calcium and pH imaging, microinjection techniques and nanovid microscopy. There are also whole chapters now devoted to reflection contrast microscopy and histomorphometry. This new edition will be of great interest to postgraduate and postdoctoral researchers in biomedicine and cell biology - both those experienced with light microscopic techniques and newcomers to the field.




Video Microscopy


Book Description

Video microscopy is used extensively in many life and biomedical science disciplines today, and is a useful tool for both cell biologists and students. This book presents how to track the dynamic changes that take place in the structure of living cells and in reconstituted preparations using video and digital imaging microscopy. Basic information, principles, and applications are also covered, as well as more specialized video microscopy techniques. Chapters cover the commonly used video technologies in biological research Nontechnical presentation of principles Emphasis on the practical aspects of instrument use Covers pitfalls in instrument uses that can lead to artifacts Authors are leaders in the design and application of video methods to biological microscopy Presentation of material tailored for the established researcher that has little experience with video methods Examples are extensively illustrated with photographs




Light Microscopy of Carbon Steels


Book Description

Containing over 1,200 representative micrographs and the information and explanatory text that makes them really useful, including composition, condition, etchant, magnification, and more than 100 graphs and tables, this 'how to' book not only gives everyday working examples, but also discusses the relationship between the constitution, metallurgy, and microstructure of various carbon steel products. Contents: Nomenclature of Phases and Constituents; Phase Transformations; Low-Carbon Irons and Steels; Annealing and Normalizing; Spheroidization and Graphitization; Austenitization; Transformation of Austenite; Tempering of Martensite; Welding; Surface Oxidation, Decarburation and Oxidation Scaling; Glossary of Terms; EtchingMethods; ConversionTables; Index.




Light and Electron Microscopy


Book Description

The compound optical microscope, in its various modern forms, is probably the most familiar of all laboratory instruments and the electron microscope, once an exotic rarity, has now become a standard tool in biological and materials research. Both instruments are often used effectively with little knowledge of the relevant theory, or even of how a particular type of microscope functions. Eventually however, proper use, interpretation of images and choices of specific applications demand an understanding of fundamental principles. This book describes the principles of operation of each type of microscope currently available and of use to biomedical and materials scientists. It explains the mechanisms of image formation, contrast and its enhancement, accounts for ultimate limits on the size of observable details (resolving power and resolution) and finally provides an account of Fourier optical theory. Principles behind the photographic methods used in microscopy are also described and there is some discussion of image processing methods. The book will appeal to graduate students and researchers in the biomedical sciences, and it will be helpful to students taking a course involving the principles of microscopy.




Understanding Light Microscopy


Book Description

Introduces readers to the enlightening world of the modern light microscope There have been rapid advances in science and technology over the last decade, and the light microscope, together with the information that it gives about the image, has changed too. Yet the fundamental principles of setting up and using a microscope rests upon unchanging physical principles that have been understood for years. This informative, practical, full-colour guide fills the gap between specialised edited texts on detailed research topics, and introductory books, which concentrate on an optical approach to the light microscope. It also provides comprehensive coverage of confocal microscopy, which has revolutionised light microscopy over the last few decades. Written to help the reader understand, set up, and use the often very expensive and complex modern research light microscope properly, Understanding Light Microscopy keeps mathematical formulae to a minimum—containing and explaining them within boxes in the text. Chapters provide in-depth coverage of basic microscope optics and design; ergonomics; illumination; diffraction and image formation; reflected-light, polarised-light, and fluorescence microscopy; deconvolution; TIRF microscopy; FRAP & FRET; super-resolution techniques; biological and materials specimen preparation; and more. Gives a didactic introduction to the light microscope Encourages readers to use advanced fluorescence and confocal microscopes within a research institute or core microscopy facility Features full-colour illustrations and workable practical protocols Understanding Light Microscopy is intended for any scientist who wishes to understand and use a modern light microscope. It is also ideal as supporting material for a formal taught course, or for individual students to learn the key aspects of light microscopy through their own study.




Fundamentals of Fluorescence Microscopy


Book Description

This book starts at an introductory level and leads reader to the most advanced topics in fluorescence imaging and super-resolution techniques that have enabled new developments such as nanobioimaging, multiphoton microscopy, nanometrology and nanosensors. The interdisciplinary subject of fluorescence microscopy and imaging requires complete knowledge of imaging optics and molecular physics. So, this book approaches the subject by introducing optical imaging concepts before going in more depth about advanced imaging systems and their applications. Additionally, molecular orbital theory is the important basis to present molecular physics and gain a complete understanding of light-matter interaction at the geometrical focus. The two disciplines have some overlap since light controls the molecular states of molecules and conversely, molecular states control the emitted light. These two mechanisms together determine essential imaging factors such as, molecular cross-section, Stoke shift, emission and absorption spectra, quantum yield, signal-to-noise ratio, Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence lifetime. These factors form the basis of many fluorescence based devices. The book is organized into two parts. The first part deals with basics of imaging optics and its applications. The advanced part takes care of several imaging techniques and related instrumentation that are developed in the last decade pointing towards far-field diffraction unlimited imaging.