Los partidos políticos y democracia


Book Description

El funcionamiento de una democracia depende en gran medida del comportamiento y la capacidad de los partidos políticos para representar los intereses de los ciudadanos y elaborar alternativas políticas. Para ello, los partidos deben desarrollar sus programas, construir estructuras organizativas eficaces, ofrecer a sus miembros una participación activa en las decisiones internas del partido, poner su financiación sobre una base sólida y transparente, mantener un estrecho contacto con los grupos sociales, informar abiertamente sobre sus objetivos e intenciones, planificar eficazmente las campañas electorales y, no en último lugar, contar con líderes que se distingan por su competencia y por el respeto de los principios éticos que exige el ejercicio de la política en representación de los ciudadanos. La presente obra ofrece una introducción completa y de fácil lectura al mundo de los partidos políticos. Basándose en su rica experiencia internacional, el autor consigue comparar la evolución en diferentes países y regiones del mundo y formular recomendaciones prácticas concretas para la organización y eventuales reformas de los partidos.




The 'Militant Democracy' Principle in Modern Democracies


Book Description

This collection provides an up-to-date analysis of key country approaches to Militant Democracy. Featuring contributions from some of the key people working in this area, including Mark Tushnet and Helen Irving, each chapter presents a stocktaking of the legal measures to protect the democracy against its enemies within. In addition to providing a description of the country's view of Militant Democracy and the current situation, it also examines the legal and political provisions to defend the democratic structure against attacks. The discussion also presents proposals for the development of the Militant Democracy principle or its alternatives in policy and legal practice. In the final chapter the editor compares the different arrangements and formulates a minimum consensus as to what measures are indispensable to protect a democracy. Highly topical, this book is a valuable resource for students, academics and policy-makers concerned with democratic principles.




Democracy in Mexico


Book Description




Elections in the Americas: A Data Handbook


Book Description

This two-volume work continues the series of election data handbooks published by OUP. It presents a first-ever compendium of electoral data for all 35 countries in the Americas since the introduction of universal male suffrage. Following the overall structure of the series, an initial comparative introduction on elections and electoral systems is followed by chapters on each country. Written by knowledgeable and renowned scholars, the contributions examine the evolution of constitutional and electoral arrangements and provide systematic surveys of the up-to-date electoral provisions and electoral rules. These widely differing rules exert considerable influence on party systems and political processes. Exhaustive statistics on all national elections and referendums are given in each chapter. Together with the other books of this series, Elections in the Americas is a highly reliable resource for historical and cross-national comparisons of elections and electoral systems worldwide.







Political Parties and Democracy


Book Description

Native scholars explore the relationship between political parties and democracy in regions around the world. The development of political parties over the past century is the story of three stages in the pursuit of power: liberation, democratization, and de-democratization. Political Parties and Democracy is comprised of five, stand-alone volumes that probe the realities of political parties at all three stages. In each volume, contributors explore the relationship between political parties and democracy (or democratization) in their nations, providing necessary historical, socioeconomic, and institutional context, as well as the details of contemporary political tensions. Contributors are distinguished indigenous scholars who have lived the truths they tell and are, thus, able to write with unique breadth, depth, and scope. They show the parties of their respective nations as they have developed through history and changing institutional structures, and they explain the balance of power among them—and between them and competing agencies of power—today.




Inter-American Yearbook on Human Rights, 1988


Book Description

This edition of the "Inter-American Yearbook on Human Rights," like the volumes that precede it, includes information concerning the activities of the Organization of American States in the promotion and protection of human rights. It begins with the composition of the Commission and Court, including the biographies of the members, 1988 activities of each body, reproductions of resolutions and reports by the Commission and historic correspondences and decisions by the Court. Also included is an update on the status of the American Convention on Human Rights, which reports the relation of each country to that instrument, followed by resolutions adopted in 1988 by the OAS General Assembly. The year 1988 distinguished itself particularly because the Inter-American Court of Human Rights made its first decision on a contentious case, the "Velasquez Rodriguez" case (Honduras). This historic decision is reproduced in Part Three of this volume. Another important 1988 development in the Inter-American system was the Protocol of San Salvador, or Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, reproduced in Part Four. Also included, in its entirety, is a report on the human rights situation in Haiti, a report requested by the Organization of American States Permanent Council in Resolution 502. The "Inter-American Yearbook on Human Rights" is completely bilingual (English and Spanish).




Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance


Book Description

This global encyclopedic work serves as a comprehensive collection of global scholarship regarding the vast fields of public administration, public policy, governance, and management. Written and edited by leading international scholars and practitioners, this exhaustive resource covers all areas of the above fields and their numerous subfields of study. In keeping with the multidisciplinary spirit of these fields and subfields, the entries make use of various theoretical, empirical, analytical, practical, and methodological bases of knowledge. Expanded and updated, the second edition includes over a thousand of new entries representing the most current research in public administration, public policy, governance, nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations, and management covering such important sub-areas as: 1. organization theory, behavior, change and development; 2. administrative theory and practice; 3. Bureaucracy; 4. public budgeting and financial management; 5. public economy and public management 6. public personnel administration and labor-management relations; 7. crisis and emergency management; 8. institutional theory and public administration; 9. law and regulations; 10. ethics and accountability; 11. public governance and private governance; 12. Nonprofit management and nongovernmental organizations; 13. Social, health, and environmental policy areas; 14. pandemic and crisis management; 15. administrative and governance reforms; 16. comparative public administration and governance; 17. globalization and international issues; 18. performance management; 19. geographical areas of the world with country-focused entries like Japan, China, Latin America, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Russia and Eastern Europe, North America; and 20. a lot more. Relevant to professionals, experts, scholars, general readers, researchers, policy makers and manger, and students worldwide, this work will serve as the most viable global reference source for those looking for an introduction and advance knowledge to the field.




Construyendo la democracia en sociedades posconflicto


Book Description

En los aos 90, Guatemala y El Salvador firmaron acuerdos de paz integrales que pusieron fin a d(r)cadas de un sangriento conflicto interno. Ambos acuerdos de paz OCoas como el proceso de construccin de paz que le siguiOCo han tenido un impacto en el concepto tradicional de paz, ya que fueron pioneros en lo que son consideradas operaciones de paz de segunda generacin, multidisciplinarias (que van mis alli del cese al fuego). Uno de los objetivos principales de los acuerdos de paz y el proceso de construccin de paz, era fortalecer los incipientes procesos democriticos en el per odo del posconflicto. Mis de una d(r)cada ha transcurrido desde que los acuerdos fueron suscritos. En ambos casos la democracia electoral o pol tica ha logrado mantenerse vigente y el sistema pol tico ha tenido una apertura. Los combatientes armados en ambos pa ses han ahora formado sus propios partidos pol ticos, han participado en elecciones y han obtenido puestos en el Congreso. Sin embargo, muchos problemas persisten y la democracia dista de estar consolidada. La democratizacin en ambas sociedades, se ve confrontada con muchos problemas antiguos y por nuevos desaf os. Sin duda alguna la paz ha tenido un impacto en la democratizacin, pero algunas ireas han avanzado mis que otras y algunas pueden haberse incluso estancado. Existen diversos estudios individuales acerca de los procesos de negociacin e implementacin de la paz en Guatemala y El Salvador. Sin embargo, se ha escrito muy poco desde una perspectiva comparada. Ademis, se han llevado a cabo pocos anilisis integrales acerca del desarrollo democritico reciente en esos pa ses. En este libro, dos equipos de investigacin utilizan nueva informacin y t(r)cnicas mltiples de investigacin comparada para presentar un perfil actualizado del proceso de democratizacin en ambos pa ses y una evaluacin de la interaccin existente entre la paz y la democratizacin."




Democracia y cartelización de los partidos políticos


Book Description

El sistema de partidos políticos se consagró, desde su concepción, como el instrumento clave de mediación en las democracias representativas. En las últimas décadas, sin embargo, la conexión de los partidos con sus bases y con la sociedad civil ha sufrido un innegable retraimiento, que se expresa en el decrecimiento de las tasas de afiliación e identificación con los partidos, el auge del absentismo electoral y la implantación de una atmósfera generalizada de desafección con la política institucional. Mediante un colosal proyecto de investigación y recopilación de datos que supuso treinta años de trabajo, Richard S. Katz y Peter Mair describen el proceso según el cual los partidos políticos, en este clima de pérdida de legitimidad de las democracias liberales, abandonaron las viejas estructuras de partidos de masas y partidos “atrapalotodo”, y acabaron por emular el funcionamiento de un cártel. Cada vez más dependientes de financiación pública y ajustados a las lógicas institucionales del Estado, los partidos políticos se han verticalizado y profesionalizado, han perdido su contacto con las masas y los movimientos políticos y han primado su posición institucional frente a su presencia en las calles. Si bien los partidos protagonizan un encarnizado conflicto mediático, el desacuerdo real se ha reducido a una mera competencia por el poder institucional. En el contexto de la actual crisis de legitimidad de las democracias liberales y el auge del populismo de extrema derecha, este proceso de cartelización del sistema de partidos, que Katz y Mair exponen aquí sobre los sólidos resultados de su vasta investigación, supone un fenómeno indispensable para entender nuestro presente.