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Low GWP (A2L) Refrigerant Safety

Author : Jason Obrzut, CMHE

Publisher : ESCO Institute

Page : 98 pages

File Size : 27,25 MB

Release : 2021-02-22

Category : Education

ISBN : 193004481X

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Book Description

As the HVACR industry continues to move forward and innovate, the refrigerants that were once so commonplace are now being phased out. Replacing them are more energy efficient, environmentally friendlier refrigerants, known as Low GWP refrigerants. Many of these new refrigerants are classified by ASHRAE as A2L, or slightly flammable. The industry is also seeing expanded use of some hydrocarbon (A3) refrigerants, such as propane and isobutane. Students and technicians will require additional training for the safe handling and transportation of these refrigerants. The Low GWP refrigerant program manual covers: Refrigerant safety Introduction to Low GWP refrigerants Refrigerant properties and characteristics The refrigeration cycle Working with refrigerant blends Proper installation and service guidelines Flammable refrigerant considerations Explanation of the associated codes and standards for A2L refrigerants





Refrigeration units in marine vessels

Author : Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Hafner

Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers

Page : 80 pages

File Size : 43,11 MB

Release : 2019-04-02

Category : Nature

ISBN : 9289359412

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Book Description

Fishing vessels can be equipped with energy efficient refrigeration technology applying natural working fluids. Ammonia refrigeration systems have been the first choice, but CO2 units have also become increasingly common in the maritime sector in the last few years. When retrofitting or implementing CO2 refrigeration plants, less space on board is required and such units allow good service and maintenance. Nowadays, cruise ship owners prefer CO2 units for the provision refrigeration plants.Ship owners, responsible for the health and safety of the crew and passengers, must carefully evaluate the usage of flammable low GWP working fluids, due to a high risk that toxic decomposition products are formed, even without the presence of an open flame. Suggestions for further work include a Nordic Technology Hub for global marine refrigeration R&D and development support for key components.



Safe Refrigerant Handling

Author : ESCO PRESS

Publisher :

Page : 120 pages

File Size : 16,28 MB

Release : 2021-02

Category :

ISBN : 9781930044678

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Book Description



Advances in Solar Energy Research

Author : Himanshu Tyagi

Publisher : Springer

Page : 592 pages

File Size : 25,4 MB

Release : 2018-11-19

Category : Science

ISBN : 9789811333019

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Book Description

This book covers major technological advancements in, and evolving applications of, thermal and photovoltaic solar energy systems. Advances in technologies for harnessing solar energy are extensively discussed, with topics including the fabrication, compaction and optimization of energy grids, solar cells and panels. Leading international experts discuss the applications, challenges and future prospects of research in this increasingly vital field, providing a valuable resource for all researchers working in this field.



Advances in Engineering Design and Simulation

Author : Chenfeng Li

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 348 pages

File Size : 41,78 MB

Release : 2019-10-03

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 9811384681

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Book Description

This book consists of selected peer-reviewed papers presented at the NAFEMS India Regional Conference (NIRC 2018). It covers current topics related to advances in computer aided design and manufacturing. The book focuses on the latest developments in engineering modelling and simulation, and its application to various complex engineering systems. Finite element method/finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, and additive manufacturing are some of the key topics covered in this book. The book aims to provide a better understanding of contemporary product design and analyses, and hence will be useful for researchers, academicians, and professionals.



Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps

Author : Fabio Polonara

Publisher : MDPI

Page : 180 pages

File Size : 50,99 MB

Release : 2021-02-11

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 3039438239

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Book Description

Refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps (RACHP) have an important impact on the final energy uses of many sectors of modern society, such as residential, commercial, industrial, transport, and automotive. Moreover, RACHP also have an important environmental impact due to the working fluids that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, which are being phased out according to the Montreal Protocol (1989). Last, but not least, high global working potential (GWP), working fluids (directly), and energy consumption (indirectly) are responsible for a non-negligible quota of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, thus impacting climate change.



FUNDAMENTALS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

Author : B. K. VENKANNA

Publisher : PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Page : 506 pages

File Size : 45,73 MB

Release : 2010-01-01

Category : Heat

ISBN : 8120340310

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Book Description

"This comprehensive text on the basics of heat and mass transfer provides a well-balanced treatment of theory and mathematical and empirical methods used for solving a variety of engineering problems. The book helps students develop an intuitive and practical under-standing of the processes by emphasizing the underlying physical phenomena involved. Focusing on the requirement to clearly explain the essential fundamentals and impart the art of problem-solving, the text is written to meet the needs of undergraduate students in mechanical engineering, production engineering, industrial engineering, auto-mobile engineering, aeronautical engineering, chemical engineering, and biotechnology.



ANSI/IIAR Standard 2-2014

Author : International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration

Publisher :

Page : pages

File Size : 27,62 MB

Release : 2014

Category :

ISBN : 9781635470017

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Book Description

The new and improved IIAR 2 is the definitive design safety standard of the ammonia refrigeration industry - IIAR 2 has undergone extensive revision since the 2008 (with Addendum B) edition was published on December 3, 2012. A major focus of changes made to this edition has been incorporating topics traditionally addressed in other codes and standards so that IIAR 2 can eventually serve as a single, comprehensive standard covering safe design of closed-circuit ammonia refrigeration systems.



HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers

Author : Herbert W. Stanford III

Publisher : CRC Press

Page : 320 pages

File Size : 40,52 MB

Release : 2003-04-04

Category : Science

ISBN : 9780203912492

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Book Description

HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers provides fundamental principles and practical techniques for the design, application, purchase, operation, and maintenance of water chillers and cooling towers. Written by a leading expert in the field, the book analyzes topics such as piping, water treatment, noise control, electrical service, and energy effi