A Scientific Assessment of Alternatives for Reducing Water Management Effects on Threatened and Endangered Fishes in California's Bay-Delta


Book Description

California's Bay-Delta estuary is a biologically diverse estuarine ecosystem that plays a central role in the distribution of California's water from the state's wetter northern regions to its southern, arid, and populous cities and agricultural areas. Recently, the Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service required changes (reasonable and prudent alternatives, or RPAs) in water operations and related actions to avoid jeopardizing the continued existence and potential for recovery of threatened species of fish. Those changes have reduced the amount of water available for other uses, and the tensions that resulted have been exacerbated by recent dry years. The complexity of the problem of the decline of the listed species and the difficulty of identifying viable solutions have led to disagreements, including concerns that some of the actions in the RPAs might be ineffective and might cause harm and economic disruptions to water users, and that some of the actions specified in the RPAs to help one or more of the listed species might harm others. In addition, some have suggested that the agencies might be able to meet their legal obligation to protect species with less economic disruptions to other water users. The National Research Council examines the issue in the present volume to conclude that most of the actions proposed by two federal agencies to protect endangered and threatened fish species through water diversions in the California Bay-Delta are "scientifically justified." But less well-supported by scientific analyses is the basis for the specific environmental triggers that would indicate when to reduce the water diversions required by the actions.




Environmental Science in the Coastal Zone


Book Description

This book assesses the dimensions of our scientific knowledge as it applies to environmental problems in the coastal zone. The volume contains 10 papers that cover different aspects of science, management, and public policy concerning the coastal zone. A consensus is presented on several key issues confronting science for developing a more holistic approach in managing this region's intense human activities and important natural resources.




Numerical Simulations of Management Scenarios in a Small Stratified Estuary


Book Description

The Russian River Estuary (RRE) tends to trap salt that flows in from the Pacific Ocean when its mouth closes at multiple times each year. This closure leads to stratification and in some cases also flooding of local property. Different management strategies are being discussed, but here we focus on analyzing time evolution of salt mass through a set of six simulations that are each performed over a period of two months. The Biological Opinion, 2011, has specified a target condition for the river inflow and outlet elevation which is tested herein for a case of fast closure and slow closure, to observe the changes in density stratification in the RRE. A list of runs with changes to the target condition, are set up and their results analyzed. The results from this set of simulations show that, with respect to loss of salinity, the conditions with the highest outlet bed elevation (closed outlet), have the fastest loss of almost all the salt in the system within the given two-month time period. This is part of a broader effort to develop estuary management protocols that will yield improved habitat for juvenile steelhead (NMFS 2008). Through a subcontract to the Sonoma County Water Agency (SCWA), ESA and Philip Williams and Associates (ESA PWA) requested that the University of California Davis (UCD) perform this modeling study, which draws from the results of a separate but related field study conducted in the Russian River estuary during the summer-fall management season in 2009 (Behrens & Largier 2010, Largier & Behrens 2010).




Protecting Our Ocean


Book Description

Explication of thirteen (13) actions recommended by two California state agencies to improve California's ocean and coastal management programs. Recommendations purport to align with and enhance contemporary recommendations for national policy made by the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy and the Pew Oceans Commission and cover: governance; economics and funding; research, education and technology development; and, ocean and coastal stewardship




Staff Recommendation, December 2, 2004


Book Description

Recommended action: Authorization to disburse to the Center for Ecosystem Management and Restoration up to $125,000 to evaluate the potential of San Francisco Bay's streams for steelhead restoration and to identify restoration projects in at least seven of the watersheds most critical for steelhead fisheries.




Managing California's Water


Book Description




The Ecology of Humboldt Bay, California


Book Description

Humboldt Bay is one of California's largest coastal estuaries, second only to San Francisco Bay in size. The bay is important ecologically, serving as habitat for many invertebrates, fishes, birds, and mammals. The bay attracts many recreational users and because it is an important shipping port also attracts industry, particularly that related to forest products. This report summarizes and synthesizes scientific data on the ecological relationships and functions of the estuary including information on geological, climatological, hydrologic and physical-chemical aspects of the bay environment; describes the biotic communities and their relationships; compares and contrasts other west coast estuaries to Humboldt Bay; provides management considerations in terms of procedures, socioeconomic factors and environmental concerns; and identifies research and management information gaps. Portions of the bay are managed as a national wildlife refuge. Management issues for this ecosystem includes loss of habitat and degradation of the environment by additional industrial development and nonpoint source pollution.




Humboldt Bay and Eel River Estuary Benthic Habitat Project


Book Description

"The Humboldt Bay and Eel River Estuary Benthic Habitat Project (referred to hereafter as Habitat Project) began in 2007, concurrent with the Humboldt Bay Initiative, an ecosystem-based management (EBM) program. The Habitat Project was intended to support and strengthen implementation of the EBM program. The Habitat Project provides an important synthesis of existing habitat information and new habitat distribution data for the EBM information framework. The Habitat Project deliverables are: [1] The Habitat Project Report [2] Multi-spectral (color and infrared) aerial imagery of Humboldt Bay and the Eel River Estuary [3] Complete benthic habitat mapping of Humboldt Bay and the Eel River Estuary using the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). The Habitat Project Report includes a description of subtidal and intertidal habitats within the study area, a synopsis of available scientific literature, and management recommendations garnered from the cumulative work of local scientists and community members, numerous meetings, and the work of the Habitat Project Advisory Committee. Project Goals And Objectives The Habitat Project has two main goals, each with specific objectives: Goal 1: Identify and describe benthic intertidal and subtidal habitats, their function, values and distribution in the study area. Objective 1: Produce spatially based benthic habitat maps from new data sources. Objective 2: Describe habitats using existing information. Goal 2: Develop recommendations for management, protection and restoration based on the best available scientific information. Objective 1: Identify habitat threats. Objective 2: Identify management considerations for subtidal and intertidal habitats."--Introduction.




Endangered Environments


Book Description