Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance: DoD needs a Strategic, Risk-Based Approach to Enhance Its Maritime Domain Awareness


Book Description

Maritime security threats to the U.S. are broad, incl. the naval forces of potential adversary nations, terrorism, and piracy. The attacks on the USS Cole in 2000, in Mumbai in 2008, and on the Maersk Alabama in 2009 highlight these threats. DoD considers maritime domain awareness -- identifying threats and providing commanders with sufficient awareness to make timely decisions -- a means for facilitating effective action in the maritime domain and critical to its homeland defense mission. This report examines the extent to which DoD has developed a strategy to manage its maritime domain awareness efforts and uses a risk-based approach. It is a public version of a previous, sensitive report. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.




National Plan to Achieve Maritime Domain Awareness for the National Strategy for Maritime Security


Book Description

Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) is the effective understanding of anything associated with the global maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, or environment of the United States. MDA is a key component of an active, layered maritime defense in depth. It will be achieved by improving our ability to collect, fuse, analyze, display, and disseminate actionable information and intelligence to operational commanders. MDA is supported by the Global Maritime Intelligence Integration Plan and is the enabler for the Maritime Operational Threat Response Plan. This plan advocates enhanced and innovative collection of intelligence, the integration of correlated open source information, and the incorporation of automated algorithms to assist human analytic efforts. The National Maritime Intelligence Center will be the central point of connectivity to fuse, analyze, and disseminate information and intelligence for shared situational awareness across classification boundaries. To achieve persistent awareness in the maritime domain, Cold War legacy collection capabilities alone are no longer sufficient. We must reorient and integrate these legacy systems with current and emerging capabilities, such as unmanned aerial vehicles and acoustic sensors, fused in a common operating picture available to maritime operational commanders and accessible throughout the United States Government. Employment of these collection capabilities will maximize near-real time awareness of maritime threats. Stand-off detection capabilities for weapons of mass destruction in the maritime domain must be developed to complement existing and emerging cargo inspection systems and hand-held detection devices. Most significantly, human intelligence collection and the investigative actions of law enforcement officers can provide crucial insights about maritime threats.




Power and the Maritime Domain


Book Description

This book offers a multi-disciplinary and multi-national approach to defining key elements required to define power within the maritime domain. The volume engages with the concept that the maritime domain is a multi-dimensional space embracing oceans, seas, waterways, including all elements of maritime power, related activities, infrastructure, resources and assets. It illustrates the complexity and interconnectivity of the factors that contribute to the appreciation, creation, and application of maritime power. In practical terms, the book highlights that the maritime domain is a continuum that interconnects countries, cultures, politics, economics, trade, environment, knowledge, and technological power globally. Perhaps most importantly, the maritime domain generates power of its own volition, as well as acting as a critical enabler for the creation of other types of nations power: economic, political, military, technological, intelligence and fiscal power, in particular. The book not only brings those various factors to the reader’s attention but, in the synthesis, also clarifies the connections between the various elements in creating a greater maritime whole. This book will be of great interest to students of maritime security, strategic studies and International Relations.




Maritime Domain Awareness


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Contested Seas


Book Description

Operations in littoral waters present numerous challenges for modern navies, challenges that are especially acute in the waters of the Baltic Sea and around Northern Europe. Russia’s increasing menace above, on, and under the waves—combined with its deployment of new and upgraded maritime capabilities and considerable commercial and civilian activity in the region—calls for enhanced vigilance from the United States and its allies and partners. This report explores the changing nature of maritime domain awareness (MDA) in the Baltic Sea and Norwegian Sea and offers recommendations for establishing effective MDA in these basins. Ultimately, the challenges in these regions necessitate multilateral, networked, and cost-effective solutions that leverage advancing technology and enhanced operational concepts.




Maritime Security


Book Description

The safety and economic security of the U.S. depends on the secure use of the world¿s seaports and waterways. Homeland Security Presidential Directive-13 (HSPD-13, also referred to as National Security Presidential Directive-41) directs the coordination of U.S. maritime security policy through the creation of a ¿National Strategy for Maritime Security¿ and supporting implementation plans. This report asked evaluates this strategy and its eight supporting plans. It discusses: (1) the extent to which the strategy and its supporting plans contain desirable characteristics of an effective national strategy; and (2) the reported status of the implementation of these Plans. Charts and tables.




Maritime Domain Awareness


Book Description

A Process to Instantiate Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA): (1) The nature of the Maritime Domain Awareness challenge; (2) Maritime Domain Awareness: laws, policies, and operational concepts; (3) Functional and technical approaches to instantiating MDA for the total ship force.




Maritime Security Partnerships


Book Description

To offer security in the maritime domain, governments around the world need the capabilities to directly confront common threats like piracy, drug-trafficking, and illegal immigration. No single navy or nation can do this alone. Recognizing this new international security landscape, the former Chief of Naval Operations called for a collaborative international approach to maritime security, initially branded the "1,000-ship Navy." This concept envisions U.S. naval forces partnering with multinational, federal, state, local and private sector entities to ensure freedom of navigation, the flow of commerce, and the protection of ocean resources. This new book from the National Research Council examines the technical and operational implications of the "1,000-ship Navy," as they apply to four levels of cooperative efforts: U.S. Navy, Coast Guard, and merchant shipping only; U.S. naval and maritime assets with others in treaty alliances or analogous arrangements; U.S. naval and maritime assets with ad hoc coalitions; and U.S. naval and maritime assets with others than above who may now be friendly but could potentially be hostile, for special purposes such as deterrence of piracy or other criminal activity.




National Plan to Achieve Maritime Domain Awareness for the National Strategy for Maritime Security


Book Description

By signing National Security Presidential Directive-41/Homeland Security Presidential Directive-13 (NSPD-41/HSPD-13) (Maritime Security Policy, December 21, 2004) President Bush underscored the importance of securing the Maritime Domain, which is defined as "All areas and things of, on, under, relating to, adjacent to, or bordering on a sea, ocean, or other navigable waterway, including all maritime-related activities, infrastructure, people, cargo, and vessels and other conveyances." NSPD-41/HSPD-13 established a Maritime Security Policy Coordinating Committee-the first coordinating committee tasked specifically to address this issue-to oversee the development of a National Strategy for Maritime Security and eight supporting implementation plans: National Plan to Achieve Maritime Domain Awareness lays the foundation for an effective understanding of anything associated with the Maritime Domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, or environment of the United States and identifying threats as early and as distant from our shores as possible. Global Maritime Intelligence Integration Plan uses existing capabilities to integrate all available intelligence regarding potential threats to U.S. interests in the Maritime Domain. Maritime Operational Threat Response Plan aims for coordinated U.S. Government response to threats against the United States and its interests in the Maritime Domain by establishing roles and responsibilities, which enable the government to respond quickly and decisively. International Outreach and Coordination Strategy provides a framework to coordinate all maritime security initiatives undertaken with foreign governments and international organizations, and solicits international support for enhanced maritime security. Maritime Infrastructure Recovery Plan recommends procedures and standards for the recovery of the maritime infrastructure following attack or similar disruption. Maritime Transportation System Security Plan responds to the President's call for recommendations to improve the national and international regulatory framework regarding the maritime domain. Maritime Commerce Security Plan establishes a comprehensive plan to secure the maritime supply chain. Domestic Outreach Plan engages non-Federal input to assist with the development and implementation of maritime security policies resulting from NSPD-41/HSPD-13. Although these plans address different aspects of maritime security, they are mutually linked and reinforce each other. Together, the National Strategy for Maritime Security and its supporting plans represent a comprehensive national effort to enhance the security of the United States by preventing hostile or illegal acts within the Maritime Domain. These plans do not alter existing constitutional or statutory authorities or responsibilities of the department and agency heads to carry out operational activities or to provide or receive information.




Homeland Security in the Maritime Environment


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