Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 47,11 MB
Release : 1983
Category :
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Nuclear materials control and accounting systems are subject to pressures of both regulatory and institutional natures. This fact, coupled with the emergence of new technology, is causing evolutionary changes in materials control and accounting systems. These changes are the subject of this paper.
Author : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Material Control and Material Accounting Task Force
Publisher :
Page : 570 pages
File Size : 50,7 MB
Release : 1978
Category : Material accountability
ISBN :
Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 18,57 MB
Release : 1987
Category :
ISBN :
Improvements in our ability to do materials control and accounting (MC and A) have been steady since the beginning of the nuclear age and the appearance of processes and facilities for handling nuclear materials. The motivation for these improvements has not been just safeguards: the desire for better process control also has played a major role, and the emergence of technology focused on the problems of MC and A has made it possible to pursue such improvements. However, it is a continuing challenge to match the needs of the operational MC and A elements with the capabilities and resources of the R and D community. In the last couple of years this challenge has been addressed very visibly by the DOE's Project Cerberus R and D Committee, which has devised a procedure to encourage closer interactions between the operations and R and D elements. In the particular case of Los Alamos, we have recently concluded the efforts of the Nuclear Materials Management and Safeguards Task Force, which made strong recommendations about the need for close internal cooperation. The issues associated with these activities and the specific means for addressing them, will be of surpassing interest for the future of safeguards.
Author : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Material Control and Material Accounting Task Force
Publisher :
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 46,18 MB
Release : 1978
Category : Material accountability
ISBN :
Author : Andrew J. Poggio
Publisher :
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 48,78 MB
Release : 1980
Category : Material accountability
ISBN :
Author :
Publisher : National Academies
Page : 110 pages
File Size : 32,9 MB
Release : 1989
Category : Material accountability
ISBN :
Material control and accounting takes place within an envelope of activities related to safeguards and security, as well as to safety, health, and environment, all of which need to be managed to assure that the entire nuclear fuel complex can operate in a societally accepted manner. Within this envelope the committee was directed to carry out the following scope of work: (1) Review the MCandA systems in use at selected DOE facilities that are processing special nuclear material (SNM) in various physical and chemical forms. (2) Design and convene a workshop for senior representatives from each of DOE's facilities on the flows and inventories of nuclear materials. (3) Plan and conduct a series of site visits to each of the facilities to observe first hand the processing operations and the related MCandA systems. (4) Review the potential improvement in overall safeguard systems effectiveness, as measured by expected reduction in inventory difference control limits and inventory differences for materials balance accounts and facilities, or other criteria as appropriate. Indicate how this affects the relative degree of uncertainty in the system. (5) Review the efficiency of operating the MCandA system with and without the upgrading options and assess whether upgrading will contribute further efficiencies in operation, which may reduce many of the current operations costs. Determine if the current system is cost-effective. (6) Recommend the most promising technical approaches for further development by DOE and further study as warranted.
Author : Madison Cartmell
Publisher :
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 14,13 MB
Release : 1922
Category : Industrial efficiency
ISBN :
Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 42,47 MB
Release : 1986
Category :
ISBN :
A modern materials control and accounting (MC and A) system can provide major benefits to production personnel. It can enhance understanding of process systems performance, localize and reconcile material losses, and identify instruments that are out-of-calibration or malfunctioning. Examples of the above MC and A system applications are given. We show how Operations personnel can use an MC and A system to their advantage rather than letting the MC and A system take advantage of them.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 16,68 MB
Release : 1995
Category :
ISBN :
In 1987 the NRC revised the material control and accounting requirements for NRC licensees authorized to possess and use a formula quantity (i.e., 5 formula kilograms or more) of strategic special nuclear material. Those revisions issued as 10 CFR 74.51-59 require timely monitoring of in-process inventory and discrete items to detect anomalies potentially indicative of material losses. Timely detection and enhanced loss localization capabilities are beneficial to alarm resolution and also for material recovery in the event of an actual loss. NUREG-1280 was issued in 1987 to present criteria that could be used by applicants, licensees, and NRC license reviewers in the initial preparation and subsequent review of fundamental nuclear material control (FNMC) plans submitted in response to the Reform Amendment. This document is also intended for both licensees and license reviewers with respect to FNMC plan revisions. General performance objectives, system capabilities, process monitoring, item monitoring, alarm resolution, quality assurance, and accounting are addressed. This revision to NUREG-1280 is an expansion of the initial edition, which clarifies and expands upon several topics and addresses issues identified under Reform Amendment implementation experience.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 43,62 MB
Release : 2008
Category :
ISBN :
An effective safeguards program for nuclear materials is dependent on the integration of activities in the traditional safeguards elements: physical protection, protective force, and material control and accounting (MC & A). The design and integration of these traditional safeguards elements must be based on a technical analysis performed in characterizing the vulnerabilities and related risks of the facility against a designed-basis threat. Each of these elements requires a near seamless integration with each other, as well as within a site's operations organization. One of the key objectives of an effective nuclear Material Control and Accountability (MC & A) program is to address the threat posed by an active or passive 'insider' who, acting alone or in collusion, could attempt protracted or abrupt diversion or theft of special nuclear material (SNM). The function of material accountancy is to detect the loss or unauthorized removal of special nuclear material from the plant or facility in a timely manner. Detection is accomplished by means of measurements and transfer records of material movements and periodic inventories to verify that all material is accounted for. The function of material control is to assure the integrity of the nuclear material and the accountancy data. This paper focuses on the development and implementation of a detailed material control and accounting program plan that considers both regulatory compliance demands and performance standards. Consideration of both of these demands is necessary to reduce exposure to theft and diversion, to reduce regulatory jeopardy, and to minimize to the extent possible adverse impacts with site operations.
