Maternal Health Care : Policies, Technical Standards and Services Accessibility in Eight Countries in the Western Pacific Region


Book Description

Target 5A of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) was to reduce maternal deaths by 75% between 1990 and 2015. The Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group comprising the World Health Organization (WHO) the United Nations Children?s Fund (UNICEF) the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) the World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division assessed the 95 countries with an MMR higher than 100 in 1990. The report notes Cambodia the Lao People?s Democratic Republic and Mongolia have achieved this target in the Western Pacific Region. However maternal mortality remains higher than the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target in five countries in the Region. WHO has developed evidence-based maternal health recommendations for reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. This review compares national guidelines and protocols implementation and health system standards to WHO recommendations for eight countries that account for 96% of maternal deaths in the Western Pacific Region.




Maternal Health Care


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Urban Health and Planning in the 21st Century: Bridging Across the Formal and Informal Using an Eco-Social Lens


Book Description

Modern urban planning emerged in response to public health challenges in the post-industrial revolution period in Europe. It has since evolved through the colonial and post-colonial phases of the 19th and 20th centuries with international, national, and local specificities. In the 21st century, human societies are rapidly urbanizing, even in LMICs where half or more of the population still live in rural areas. Therefore public policies that shape the nature of urbanization and urban habitats will become ever more critical to human and planetary health and wellbeing.




Managing Maternal and Child Health Programmes


Book Description

The health of mothers and children in developing countries continues to lag far behind that in the developed world. As a result of cultural factors and a lack of access to essential services, women are often denied freedom of reproductive choice. This manual was prepared by the World Health Organization to assist managers of health services, especially at the district level, to ensure the availability of high-quality maternal-child health/family planning (MCH/FP) care in developing countries. MCH/FP program management has gained recognition as an essential component of adequate reproductive health care. Practical guidelines are presented on how to plan, implement, and evaluate MCH/FP programs as well as how to establish objectives, strategies, training activities, and evaluation procedures.




Developing Maternal Health Decision Support Systems in Developing Countries


Book Description

Implementation of guidelines in the health system is a major undertaking, especially in developing countries. An important constraint in guideline development in developing countries is that the guideline recommendations must suit local conditions and must make use of available resources. This is a challenge because the health systems of developing countries have a high burden of disease and little resources; therefore, guidelines must rely on cost-effective healthcare interventions. The BACIS program study was initiated to address some of these challenges in the dissemination and utilization of maternal health guidelines. The BACIS program was piloted, and the results showed that the BACIS program could assist in improving compliance of nurses with the national maternity care guidelines. This is an impressive finding and step forward for maternal healthcare in developing countries. Developing Maternal Health Decision Support Systems in Developing Countries discusses public health aspects of the design and implementation of clinical decision support systems in developing country contexts. Specifically, it focuses largely on the design and evaluation of the BACIS program in South Africa. This is supplemented with a conversation on the possible future research directions in the BACIS program study along with the outlook for clinical decision support systems in developing country contexts in general. This book is ideal for e-health system designers and implementers, managers and policymakers in the area of e-health in developing countries, personnel from NPOs and donor agencies, government officials, IT consultants, medical professionals, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in how decision support systems such as BACIS are being used to improve maternal health in developing countries.




Guiding Health Systems Development in the Western Pacific


Book Description

Beyond the MDGs and their 2015 deadline, the goal of universal health coverage (UHC) is of growing importance, with its core elements of better health outcomes, greater equity and improved financial protection. It is vital that countries' policy decisions be guided by the best available knowledge. In this context, WHO's role as a knowledge-based technical support agency is becoming more crucial. To support Western Pacific Member States' advance towards UHC, WHO has in recent years produced adaptable regional strategies for health system development. This innovative review of the six current regional health system strategies has assessed their usefulness to countries across the Region. This summary report outlines the main findings of the review as well as its objectives, methods, limitations, and implications for the future.







Global Diffusion of EHealth: Making Universal Health Coverage Achievable


Book Description

This third global survey of the WHO Global Observatory for eHealth (GOe) investigated how eHealth can support universal health coverage(UHC) in Member States. A total of 125 countries participated in the survey ? a clear reflection of the growing interest in this area. The report considers eHealth foundations built through policy development funding approaches and capacity building in eHealth through the training of students and professionals. It then observes specific eHealth applications such as mHealth telehealth electronic health records systems and eLearning and how these contribute to the goals of UHC. Of interest is the extent to which legal frameworks protect patient privacy in EHRs as health care systems move towards to delivering safer more efficient and more accessible health care. Finally the rapidly emerging areas of social media for health care as well as big data for research and planning are reported.