Measurement and Control of the Money Supply


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Measurement and Control of the Money Supply


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The Determination of the Money Supply


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During the last two centuries there have been four main approaches to analysing the determination of the money supply, to wit: (1) Deposits cause Loans, (2) The Monetary Base Multiplier, (3) The Credit Counterparts Approach and (4) Loans cause Deposits. All four approaches are criticized, especially (2) which used to be the standard academic model, and (4) which is now taking over as the consensus approach. Instead, I argue that banking is a service industry, which sets the terms and conditions whereby the private sector can create additional money for itself. The problem is that such money creation tends to be highly procyclical, so the question then becomes finding the best trade-off between official control of that process and allowing sufficient flexibility for the private sector. I conclude by reviewing how Lord King's reform proposals, in his book on The End of Alchemy, might fit into this broader analysis.




Improving Money Stock Control


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On October 30-31,1981, the Center for the Study of American Business and the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis cosponsored their sixth annual conference, "Improving Money Stock Control: Problems, Solutions, and Consequences." This book contains the papers and comments delivered at that conference. The Federal Reserve System has moved, over the last decade, toward setting policy in terms of explicit and publicly announced monetary aggre gate targets - specifically, growth ranges for alternative measures of the money supply. This conference, as the title suggests, was wide ranging in its discussions of monetary control. But rather than dealing with the merits of monetary aggregate targeting, its focus was instead on solving the problems associated with, and evaluating the consequences of, im proved monetary control. The initial paper outlines the current operating procedures followed by the Federal Reserve and suggests reforms to improve monetary control. The following three discussion papers in Part I critically examine the Fed's operating procedures. The two papers in Part II discuss the experi ence of other countries with monetary aggregate targeting - the United Kingdom and Switzerland, respectively - and Part III examines the con sequences of improved monetary control.




Controlling the Money Supply (Routledge Revivals)


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Intended as a successor to Monetary Policy and Credit Control (Croom Helm, 1978; Routledge Revivals, 2013), this book, first published in 1982 with a revised edition in 1984, traces the changes in approach to monetary control in the U.K. throughout the 1970s, and the consequences for policy and the British economy. The book considers the widely-publicised proposals for ‘reserve base’ or ‘monetary base’ control of the financial system, including a critique of the 1980 Bank of England Green Paper. David Gowland concludes with an analysis of the 1979 Conservative Government’s monetary policy. This is a very interesting title, of great relevance to students and academics researching recent British economic history and varying governmental approaches to monetary policy.




Macroeconmics


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