Book Description
This book provides an historical examination of official science and technology statistics and indicators in Western countries.
Author : Benoit Godin
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 29,95 MB
Release : 2005
Category : Research
ISBN : 0415341043
This book provides an historical examination of official science and technology statistics and indicators in Western countries.
Author : Benoît Godin
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 22,35 MB
Release : 2004-08-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1134326599
This book provides an historical examination of official science and technology statistics and indicators in Western countries.
Author : Franco Pavese
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 499 pages
File Size : 47,46 MB
Release : 2008-12-16
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0817648046
This book provide a comprehensive set of modeling methods for data and uncertainty analysis, taking readers beyond mainstream methods and focusing on techniques with a broad range of real-world applications. The book will be useful as a textbook for graduate students, or as a training manual in the fields of calibration and testing. The work may also serve as a reference for metrologists, mathematicians, statisticians, software engineers, chemists, and other practitioners with a general interest in measurement science.
Author : Neil J. Salkind
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 1417 pages
File Size : 13,7 MB
Release : 2007
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1412916119
Publisher Description
Author : C.F Dietrich
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 554 pages
File Size : 44,17 MB
Release : 2017-07-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 1351406280
All measurements are subject to error because no quantity can be known exactly; hence, any measurement has a probability of lying within a certain range. The more precise the measurement, the smaller the range of uncertainty. Uncertainty, Calibration and Probability is a comprehensive treatment of the statistics and methods of estimating these calibration uncertainties. The book features the general theory of uncertainty involving the combination (convolution) of non-Gaussian, student t, and Gaussian distributions; the use of rectangular distributions to represent systematic uncertainties; and measurable and nonmeasurable uncertainties that require estimation. The author also discusses sources of measurement errors and curve fitting with numerous examples of uncertainty case studies. Many useful tables and computational formulae are included as well. All formulations are discussed and demonstrated with the minimum of mathematical knowledge assumed. This second edition offers additional examples in each chapter, and detailed additions and alterations made to the text. New chapters consist of the general theory of uncertainty and applications to industry and a new section discusses the use of orthogonal polynomials in curve fitting. Focusing on practical problems of measurement, Uncertainty, Calibration and Probability is an invaluable reference tool for R&D laboratories in the engineering/manufacturing industries and for undergraduate and graduate students in physics, engineering, and metrology.
Author : S.V Gupta
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 40,71 MB
Release : 2002-07-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781420033670
The introduction of the ISO 9000 quality standard resulted in renewed interest and pressure on industry to strengthen their quality and metrology standards. To meet this renewed interest Practical Density Measurement and Hydrometry provides invaluable, contemporary information on mass metrology. The book highlights the principles of physics involved and the technology needed to accurately measure the density of solids and liquids to high precision to meet the increasing demands on the metrology industry. Starting with national and international density standards, the book proceeds to discuss the variety of methods used to accurately measure solid and liquid density, to compare and contrast these techniques, and to thoroughly explain the thermal dilation of liquids. It also examines interferometers used in dimensional measurements of solid-based density standards, corrections applicable due to finite aperture, phase change due to reflection and ringing, and special methods for density determination. The final chapters detail specific points of relevance to density measurements and hydrometry for materials commonly used in industry. Complimented with practical guidance on applying these measurement techniques, calibration procedures, and data tables, this book is an essential reference for metrologists and a valuable introduction for graduate students.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 17,31 MB
Release : 2018-10-22
Category :
ISBN : 9264304606
What is innovation and how should it be measured? Understanding the scale of innovation activities, the characteristics of innovative firms and the internal and systemic factors that can influence innovation is a prerequisite for the pursuit and analysis of policies aimed at fostering innovation.
Author : Giovanni Battista Rossi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 11,68 MB
Release : 2014-05-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9401788251
Measurement plays a fundamental role both in physical and behavioral sciences, as well as in engineering and technology: it is the link between abstract models and empirical reality and is a privileged method of gathering information from the real world. Is it possible to develop a single theory of measurement for the various domains of science and technology in which measurement is involved? This book takes the challenge by addressing the following main issues: What is the meaning of measurement? How do we measure? What can be measured? A theoretical framework that could truly be shared by scientists in different fields, ranging from physics and engineering to psychology is developed. The future in fact will require greater collaboration between science and technology and between different sciences. Measurement, which played a key role in the birth of modern science, can act as an essential interdisciplinary tool and language for this new scenario. A sound theoretical basis for addressing key problems in measurement is provided. These include perceptual measurement, the evaluation of uncertainty, the evaluation of inter-comparisons, the analysis of risks in decision-making and the characterization of dynamical measurement. Currently, increasing attention is paid to these issues due to their scientific, technical, economic and social impact. The book proposes a unified probabilistic approach to them which may allow more rational and effective solutions to be reached. Great care was taken to make the text as accessible as possible in several ways. Firstly, by giving preference to as interdisciplinary a terminology as possible; secondly, by carefully defining and discussing all key terms. This ensures that a wide readership, including people from different mathematical backgrounds and different understandings of measurement can all benefit from this work. Concerning mathematics, all the main results are preceded by intuitive discussions and illustrated by simple examples. Moreover, precise proofs are always included in order to enable the more demanding readers to make conscious and creative use of these ideas, and also to develop new ones. The book demonstrates that measurement, which is commonly understood to be a merely experimental matter, poses theoretical questions which are no less challenging than those arising in other, apparently more theoretical, disciplines.
Author : Horst Czichos
Publisher : Springer
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 46,77 MB
Release : 2018-04-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3319763857
This book presents the principles, methods and techniques to characterize materials and technical systems. The book is organized with concise text-graphics compilations in three parts: The first part describes the fundamentals of measurement, testing and sensor technology, including a survey of sensor types for dimensional metrology, kinematics, dynamics, and temperature. It describes also microsensors and embedded sensors. The second part gives an overview of materials and explains the application of measurement, testing and sensor technology to characterize composition, microstructure, properties and performance of materials as well as deterioration mechanisms and reliability. The third part introduces the general systems theory for the characterization of technical systems, exemplified by mechatronic and tribological systems. It describes technical diagnostics for structural health monitoring and performance control.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 11,55 MB
Release : 2015-10-08
Category :
ISBN : 9264239014
The internationally recognised methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the OECD's Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians and science and innovation policy makers worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications ...