Author : Shantayanan Devarajan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 37,43 MB
Release : 2014-08-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1464804079
This issue of the Quarterly Economic Brief looks at the actual growth performance of these countries and highlights the limitations of forecasting in the wake of the 2011 uprisings, at the consequences of the growth slowdown, including unemployment, where perceptions may diverge from reality. The story is told in fourteen charts.
Author : Shantayanan Devarajan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 50,50 MB
Release : 2015
Category : Iran
ISBN : 1464807027
Iran and the Permanent Members of the UN Security Council and Germany (P5+1) reached a deal on July 14, 2015 that limits Iranian nuclear activity in return for lifting all international sanctions that were placed on Iran (Box 1). This issue of the MENA Quarterly Economic Brief (QEB) traces the economic effects of this development--removing sanctions on Iran--on the world oil market, on Iran's trading partners, and on the Iranian economy.
Author : Shantayanan Devarajan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 21,59 MB
Release : 2015-01-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1464805385
In the three months since most observers, including the World Bank, issued their last forecasts, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region has changed substantially. Political tensions have eased somewhat with presidential and legislative elections completed in a few countries. Egypt’s cabinet approved the electoral constituencies’ law, the last step before calling for the House of Representatives elections, the final milestone in the political roadmap initiated in July 2013. Presidential elections were held in Tunisia, with Beji Caid Essebsi sworn in as the new president in December. Iran’s nuclear talks with the P5+1 were extended for 6 months--while bilateral talks continue—with the aim of reaching a deal in July 2015. In Iraq, the government and the Kurdish region reached an agreement in December resolving a longstanding dispute over the budget and distribution of oil revenues. Meanwhile, Lebanon, Yemen and Libya still struggle to maintain a functional government. The global economy is estimated to have expanded by 2.6 percent (q/q annualized rate), better than the second quarter of 2014, but unchanged from the slow pace seen in 2012 and 2013. But the most important development is that international oil prices have literally collapsed, reaching a level below $50 per barrel (Brent crude) in early January, a drop of 50 percent since their peak in mid-June 2014.
Author : Shantayanan Devarajan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 11 pages
File Size : 19,15 MB
Release : 2014-06-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 146480396X
While the focus has been on the recent change in government in Egypt, five countries in the Middle East and North Africa Region, including Egypt, Tunisia, Lebanon, Jordan and Iran are facing a growth slowdown, rising fiscal deficits and debt, and high unemployment and inflation. Continued political turmoil in Egypt and spillovers from the civil war in Syria to Jordan and Lebanon threaten to make their economic situation worse. While easing political tensions in Tunisia and post-election improvements in Iran’s international relations may help these countries, the overall macroeconomic outlook in all five countries for the rest of 2013 is grim.
Author : Shantayanan Devarajan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 44,6 MB
Release : 2014-06-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1464803943
Ongoing regional tensions, together with a challenging (albeit slightly improving) external environment, have hit the economies of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region hard. Economic growth is slowing, fiscal buffers are depleting, unemployment is rising, and inflation is mounting in seven of the region’s most vulnerable economies-- Egypt, Tunisia, Iran, Lebanon, Jordan, Yemen and Libya. Short-term policy actions such as increasing public sector wages and subsidies—aimed at reducing social tensions--exacerbate the situation, which is driven by long-standing structural weaknesses, including labor market rigidities, complicated and opaque regulations, infrastructure deficiencies, regressive and inefficient subsidies, and inadequate social safety nets. While these countries face an unstable political and macroeconomic environment, the growth slowdown after the Arab Spring creates a unique opportunity to address these structural problems to both create fiscal space and restructure the economy towards job creation and inclusive growth.
Author : Heinz Gärtner
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 10,68 MB
Release : 2019-12-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0429514492
Drawing on Iran’s history and its relations with great powers and regional neighbours, this book addresses the question of how much continuity and/or change there is in Iranian international relations since the Iranian revolution. Iran has often been at the centre of the political debate on both the Gulf region and the transatlantic relations. Following the Trump administration’s withdrawal from the Viennese nuclear agreement in May 2018 signed by the five permanent members of the UN-Security Council, the relationship between Iran and the world entered a new phase. With high expectations within Iran for improved relations with Europe, the this book calls for a new and innovative approach to be undertaken by the Iranian leadership towards the US, Europe and Asia if Iran is to find a role for itself within regional and international structures. Exploring power relations, negotiations, the role of international institutions and international law, the contributors consider the relations among central powers that influence Iran’s internal and external affairs; and examine Iran’s domestic motives and role in the local and regional context. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of Politics, International Relations, Iranian Politics, Iranian Foreign Policy. It may also provide insights for policymakers, journalists, and the military.
Author : Ingo Stolz
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 12,29 MB
Release : 2022-08-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 3658373067
This edited volume strives to support leaders in successfully leading their teams, projects and organizations across borders in an increasingly boundaryless world. From both an academic’s and a practitioner’s perspective, the book focuses on international leaders and their potential to be or become enablers of international success, for and within their respective organizations. The authors are a curated selection of established experts, seasoned leaders, and new voices showcasing novel research, best practices, and business cases. The contributions are assigned to three sections, corresponding to the three core challenges of international leadership: Leading international organizations, leading international teams, and (self)leadership with intercultural excellence. An additional section is dedicated to case studies, exhibiting these challenges in practice. The Foundation of the Swiss Society for Organization and Management (SGO) as well as Innosuisse – Swiss Innovation Agency supported the creation of this book.
Author : Ben Fishman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 16,76 MB
Release : 2018-10-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 042962669X
This book is the first comprehensive examination of North Africa’s political, security, and economic developments since the 2011 Arab Uprisings shook the Middle East. North Africa in Transition examines how the people and governments of North Africa have responded to the Arab uprisings that shook the region’s politics in 2011. With individual chapters detailing key developments in Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia, the authors bring together a wide range of expertise to assess how a previously under-explored and politically static region underwent bursts or energy, protests, and war. Two of the regimes were completely transformed and two adapted to survive. Of interest to North Africa specialists and scholars of democratic transitions, North Africa in Transition unravels the story of what has changed since 2011 and what security, political, and economic reforms are required to ensure progress and stability. The book argues that without the persistent and comprehensive development of key government institutions focused on creating jobs and providing security, the region risks future protests, terrorism or even revolution.
Author : Shantayanan Devarajan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 20,69 MB
Release : 2015-04-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 146480608X
The economic outlook for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in 2015 is slightly more favorable than in 2013-14, when the region as a whole grew at 3 percent a year. The World Bank group’s latest MENA Economic Monitor projects MENA’s economic growth to average 5.2 percent in 2015 driven by domestic consumption, easing political tensions crowding-in investments in Egypt and Tunisia, and full resumption of oil production in Libya. However the violent conflicts in Syria, Iraq, Gaza, Yemen and Libya with their spillovers to Lebanon and Jordan could make MENA’s economic prospects bleak. The report has a special focus on the corrosive nature of the large energy subsidies in MENA. The MENA region is currently experiencing growth below potential, high unemployment, urban air pollution and congestion, and severe water scarcity that is undermining agriculture. The report shows how energy subsidies have contributed to these development challenges. Reforming these subsidies, therefore, should be one of the highest priorities of policymakers.
Author : Devarajan, Shantayanan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 30,82 MB
Release : 2016-08-23
Category : Growth
ISBN : 1464809909
"The year 2016 appears to be one of the toughest for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as their governments face serious policy challenges. The biggest challenge for oil exporters is managing their finances and diversification strategies with oil below $45 a barrel. Fiscal consolidation in a difficult sociopolitical environment and spillovers from conflicts are creating challenges for oil importers as well. Real GOP growth in MENA for 2016 is projected to fall to its lowest level since 2013 -- 2.3 percent -- lower than last year's growth by half a percentage point and about one percentage point lower than predicted in April 2016. It is clear that the disappointing performance of the MENA economies, and possibly the global economy, is partly due to the rise of terrorist attacks and spread of violent extremism. In this report, we attempt to shed light on the underlying causes of this phenomenon by applying an economic perspective to the demand for and supply of violent extremists. Looking at a dataset on foreign fighters joining Daesh, we find that the factors most strongly associated with foreign individuals' joining Daesh have to do with a lack of inclusion -- economic, social and religious -- in their country of origin. Promoting greater inclusion, therefore, could not only bring down the level of violent extremism, but it could improve economic performance in the MENA region."
