Evolution of Translational Omics


Book Description

Technologies collectively called omics enable simultaneous measurement of an enormous number of biomolecules; for example, genomics investigates thousands of DNA sequences, and proteomics examines large numbers of proteins. Scientists are using these technologies to develop innovative tests to detect disease and to predict a patient's likelihood of responding to specific drugs. Following a recent case involving premature use of omics-based tests in cancer clinical trials at Duke University, the NCI requested that the IOM establish a committee to recommend ways to strengthen omics-based test development and evaluation. This report identifies best practices to enhance development, evaluation, and translation of omics-based tests while simultaneously reinforcing steps to ensure that these tests are appropriately assessed for scientific validity before they are used to guide patient treatment in clinical trials.




Principles and Applications of Clinical Mass Spectrometry


Book Description

Principles and Applications of Clinical Mass Spectrometry: Small Molecules, Peptides, and Pathogens is a concise resource for quick implementation of mass spectrometry methods in clinical laboratory work. Focusing on the practical use of these techniques, the first half of the book covers principles of chromatographic separations, principles and types of mass spectrometers, and sample preparation for analysis; the second half outlines the main applications of this technology within clinical laboratory settings, including determination of small molecules and peptides, as well as pathogen identification. A thorough yet succinct guide to using mass spectrometry technology in the clinical laboratory, Principles and Applications of Clinical Mass Spectrometry: Small Molecules, Peptides, and Pathogens is an essential resource for chemists, pharmaceutical and biotech researchers, certain government agencies, and standardization groups. - Provides concrete examples of the main applications of mass spectrometry technology - Describes current capabilities of the LC- and MS-based analytical methods - Details methods for successful analytical work in the field




Mass Spectrometry for the Clinical Laboratory


Book Description

Mass Spectrometry for the Clinical Laboratory is an accessible guide to mass spectrometry and the development, validation, and implementation of the most common assays seen in clinical labs. It provides readers with practical examples for assay development, and experimental design for validation to meet CLIA requirements, appropriate interference testing, measuring, validation of ion suppression/matrix effects, and quality control. These tools offer guidance on what type of instrumentation is optimal for each assay, what options are available, and the pros and cons of each. Readers will find a full set of tools that are either directly related to the assay they want to adopt or for an analogous assay they could use as an example. Written by expert users of the most common assays found in a clinical laboratory (clinical chemists, toxicologists, and clinical pathologists practicing mass spectrometry), the book lays out how experts in the field have chosen their mass spectrometers, purchased, installed, validated, and brought them on line for routine testing. The early chapters of the book covers what the practitioners have learned from years of experience, the challenges they have faced, and their recommendations on how to build and validate assays to avoid problems. These chapters also include recommendations for maintaining continuity of quality in testing. The later parts of the book focuses on specific types of assays (therapeutic drugs, Vitamin D, hormones, etc.). Each chapter in this section has been written by an expert practitioner of an assay that is currently running in his or her clinical lab. Provides readers with the keys to choosing, installing, and validating a mass spectrometry platform Offers tools to evaluate, validate, and troubleshoot the most common assays seen in clinical pathology labs Explains validation, ion suppression, interference testing, and quality control design to the detail that is required for implementation in the lab




Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics in Clinical and Herbal Medicines


Book Description

Highlights the importance and benefit of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics for identifying biomarkers that accurately screen for potential biomarkers of diseases Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics offer new opportunities for biomarker discovery in complex diseases and may provide pathological understanding of diseases beyond traditional technologies. It is the systematic analysis of low-molecular-weight metabolites in biological samples and has been applied to discovering and identifying the perturbed pathways. Currently, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has become an important tool in clinical research and the diagnosis of human disease. Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics in Clinical and Herbal Medicines comprehensively presents the current state, challenges, and applications of high-throughput mass spectrometry-based metabolomics such as metabolites analysis, biomarker discovery, technical challenges, discovery of natural product, mechanism interpretation of action, discovery of active ingredients, clinical application and precision medicine, and enhancing their biomedical value in a real world of biomedicine, shedding light on the potential for spectrometry-based metabolomics. It highlights the value of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and metabolism to address the complexity of herbal medicines in systems pharmacology, especially, to link phytochemical analysis with the assessment of pharmacological effect and therapeutic potential. Each chapter has been laid out with introduction, method, up-to-date literature, identification of biomarker, and applications Covers the current state, challenges, and applications of high-throughput mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the discovery of biomarker, active ingredients, natural product, etc. Constitutes a unique and indispensable practical guide for any phytochemistry or related laboratory, and provides hands-on description of new techniques Provides a guide for new practitioners of pharmacologists, pharmacological scholars, drug developers, botanist, researchers of traditional medicines. Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics in Clinical and Herbal Medicines provides a landmark of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics research and a beneficial guideline to graduate students and researchers in academia, industry, and technology transfer organizations in all biomedical science fields.




Medical Applications of Mass Spectrometry


Book Description

Mass spectrometry is fast becoming an indispensable field for medical professionals. The mass spectrometric analysis of metabolites and proteins promises to revolutionize medical research and clinical diagnostics. As this technology rapidly enters the medical field, practicing professionals and students need to prepare to take full advantage of its capabilities. Medical Applications of Mass Spectrometry addresses the key issues in the medical applications of mass spectrometry at the level appropriate for the intended readership. It will go a long way to help the utilization of mass spectrometry in medicine.The book comprises five parts. A general overview is followed by a description of the basic sampling and separation methods in analytical chemistry. In the second part a solid foundation in mass spectrometry and modern techniques of data analysis is presented. The third part explains how mass spectrometry is used in exploring various classes of biomolecules, including proteins and lipids. In the fourth section mass spectrometry is introduced as a diagnostic tool in clinical treatment, infectious pathogen research, neonatal diagnostics, cancer, brain and allergy research, as well as in various fields of medicine: cardiology, pulmonology, neurology, psychiatric diseases, hemato-oncology, urologic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, gynecology and pediatrics. The fifth part covers emerging applications in biomarker discovery and in mass spectrometric imaging.* Provides a broad look at how the medical field is benefiting from advances in mass spectrometry.* Guides the reader from basic principles and methods to cutting edge applications.* There is NO comparable book on the market to fill this fast growing field.




Mass Spectrometry


Book Description

Offers a complete overview of the principles, theories and key applications of modern mass spectrometry in this introductory textbook. Following on from the highly successful first edition, this edition is extensively updated including new techniques and applications. All instrumental aspects of mass spectrometry are clearly and concisely described; sources, analysers and detectors. * Revised and updated * Numerous examples and illustrations are combined with a series of exercises to help encourage student understanding * Includes biological applications, which have been significantly expanded and updated * Also includes coverage of ESI and MALDI




Periparturient Diseases of Dairy Cows


Book Description

This book summarizes the results achieved so far by application of various biological systems (including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) involved in the pathomechanisms and early diagnosis of periparturient diseases as specific biomarkers of disease in cattle. These emerging technologies help to extensively enhance our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of periparturient diseases of transition dairy cows. The book includes a chapter dedicated to ‘omics’ sciences and one that discusses the myths established in animal and veterinary sciences in recent decades and emerging, new paradigms. The diseases discussed include metritis, mastitis, laminitis, ketosis, rumen acidosis, periparturient immunosuppression, gastrointestinal microbiota and their involvement in disease, infertility, fatty liver, milk fever, and retained placenta. This book is intended for academics, veterinarians, animal nutritionists, researchers, and graduate students working in the field of ‘omics sciences’ with a special interest in dairy cattle health.




The Handbook of Metabolic Phenotyping


Book Description

The Handbook of Metabolic Phenotyping is the definitive work on the rapidly developing subject of metabolic phenotyping. It explores in detail the wide array of analytical chemistry and statistical modeling techniques used in the field, coupled with surveys of the various application areas in human development, nutrition, disease, therapy, and epidemiology to create a comprehensive exploration of the area of study. It covers recent studies that integrate the various -omics data sets to derive a systems biology view. It also addresses current issues on standardization, assay and statistics validation, and data storage and sharing. Written by experts with many years of practice in the field who pioneered many of the approaches widely used today, The Handbook of Metabolic Phenotyping is a valuable resource for postgrads and research scientists studying and furthering the field of metabolomics. - Contains theoretical and practical explanations of all the main analytical chemistry techniques used in metabolic phenotyping - Explores, in detail, the many diverse statistical approaches used in the field - Offers practical tips for successfully conducting metabolic phenotyping studies - Features reviews of all of the various fields of activity relating to human studies




Oxford Textbook of Neuropsychiatry


Book Description

New from Oxford Textbooks in Psychiatry, the Oxford Textbook of Neuropsychiatry bridges the gap between general psychiatric textbooks and reference texts in neuropsychiatry. Divided into four sections, it covers core knowledge and skills for practice in all psychiatric disciplines, with key information for training in neuropsychiatry.




Liquid Chromatography


Book Description

Liquid Chromatography: Applications, Second Edition,is a single source of authoritative information on all aspects of the practice of modern liquid chromatography. It gives those working in both academia and industry the opportunity to learn, refresh, and deepen their knowledge of the wide variety of applications in the field. In the years since the first edition was published, thousands of papers have been released on new achievements in liquid chromatography, including the development of new stationary phases, improvement of instrumentation, development of theory, and new applications in biomedicine, metabolomics, proteomics, foodomics, pharmaceuticals, and more. This second edition addresses these new developments with updated chapters from the most expert researchers in the field. - Emphasizes the integration of chromatographic methods and sample preparation - Explains how liquid chromatography is used in different industrial sectors - Covers the most interesting and valuable applications in different fields, e.g., proteomic, metabolomics, foodomics, pollutants and contaminants, and drug analysis (forensic, toxicological, pharmaceutical, biomedical) - Includes references and tables with commonly used data to facilitate research, practical work, comparison of results, and decision-making