Micro Models


Book Description




Models in Microeconomic Theory


Book Description

Models in Microeconomic Theory covers basic models in current microeconomic theory. Part I (Chapters 1-7) presents models of an economic agent, discussing abstract models of preferences, choice, and decision making under uncertainty, before turning to models of the consumer, the producer, and monopoly. Part II (Chapters 8-14) introduces the concept of equilibrium, beginning, unconventionally, with the models of the jungle and an economy with indivisible goods, and continuing with models of an exchange economy, equilibrium with rational expectations, and an economy with asymmetric information. Part III (Chapters 15-16) provides an introduction to game theory, covering strategic and extensive games and the concepts of Nash equilibrium and subgame perfect equilibrium. Part IV (Chapters 17-20) gives a taste of the topics of mechanism design, matching, the axiomatic analysis of economic systems, and social choice. The book focuses on the concepts of model and equilibrium. It states models and results precisely, and provides proofs for all results. It uses only elementary mathematics (with almost no calculus), although many of the proofs involve sustained logical arguments. It includes about 150 exercises. With its formal but accessible style, this textbook is designed for undergraduate students of microeconomics at intermediate and advanced levels.




Physically Based Rendering


Book Description

This updated edition describes both the mathematical theory behind a modern photorealistic rendering system as well as its practical implementation. Through the ideas and software in this book, designers will learn to design and employ a full-featured rendering system for creating stunning imagery. Includes a companion site complete with source code for the rendering system described in the book, with support for Windows, OS X, and Linux.




Micromodels-Volume 1


Book Description

On the road and off-road, on and under water and even in the air - micro models can do everything like the big ones! Since miniaturised electronic components, tiny motors and the smallest batteries have been available, it is possible to build remote-controlled models even in H0 scale. They can drive, fly or swim, can be steered, have indicators, headlights and blue lights, compete in four-wheel drive truck trials or dive in the aquarium. The authors, all pioneers of this new fascinating hobby, show here how to get from the simple conversion of a commercially available model to the realisation of a wide range of special functions to the high school of micromodelling. There are detailed building descriptions, richly illustrated with more than 200 illustrations, for a truck with rafinesses, a bulldozer with crawler tracks, a Unimog for road and rail, a landing ship, a research submarine, a twin-engine aircraft and several more. In addition, there are explanations of the basic electrical and electronic components as well as sources of supply and useful tips and tricks for the workshop - because micromodelling requires special knowledge and skills. Discover a new challenge for talented tinkerers: micromodelling!




Micro-Macro Links and Microfoundations in Sociology RPD


Book Description

Micro-Macro Links and Microfoundations in Sociology focuses on two main issues in sociology. Firstly, how macro-conditions can explain macro-outcomes mediated by actor behaviour at the micro-level (micro-macro links). Secondly, how alternative micro-models affect macro-outcomes (microfoundations). The contributions reflect key features of micro-macro modelling in sociology as well as recent progress in this field. The chapters address core features of explanations of social phenomena using micro-macro models, the problem of cooperation, heterogeneity of actors, structural balance, opinion formation, segregation, and problems of micro-macro models that are based on rational choice assumptions. Moreover, the contributions show how different research methods can be applied fruitfully, such as laboratory experiments, equilibrium analysis, and agent-based modelling. As a result, the book can be a guide for graduate students who want to develop their skills in building micro-macro models. In addition, the book provides specialists of the different substantive research areas with up-to-date new developments in their research area. This book was originally published as a special issue of Journal of Mathematical Sociology.




Behavioral Modeling and Simulation


Book Description

Today's military missions have shifted away from fighting nation states using conventional weapons toward combating insurgents and terrorist networks in a battlespace in which the attitudes and behaviors of civilian noncombatants may be the primary effects of military actions. To support these new missions, the military services are increasingly interested in using models of the behavior of humans, as individuals and in groups of various kinds and sizes. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation reviews relevant individual, organizational, and societal (IOS) modeling research programs, evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the programs and their methodologies, determines which have the greatest potential for military use, and provides guidance for the design of a research program to effectively foster the development of IOS models useful to the military. This book will be of interest to model developers, operational military users of the models and their managers, and government personnel making funding decisions regarding model development.




Micromodels


Book Description

The market for floor models is almost unmanageable, whether they are made of plastic or metal, ready-made or as a kit. But haven't you ever dreamed of making to make such a model functional? Here you will be shown how to do it. Whether it's a small tugboat, a landing craft, a tractor, a Schwimmwagen or a Unimog - there is almost no floor model that you can't breathe life into. The five authors are absolute specialists in the field of micromodels and share their tips and tricks here. Using some amazingly simple techniques, they turn plastic and metal floor models and metal models into functional models. Impressive special functions are realized on the models and thus and thus give free rein to the play instinct. From the content: • A model ship to practice on: a robust harbor tugboat • From landing craft to fire department: conversion of a military model • A barge for calm seas • VW floating car in 1:16 • Remote-controlled metal models - conversion of a Siku tractor • With all-wheel drive through the terrain - Unimog in 1:35




Micromodels Volume 2


Book Description

The great success of the first book on remote-controlled miniature models has encouraged the team of authors around Thorsten Feuchter to build more functional road vehicles in 1:87 scale and to describe their experiences in detail again. Their preference is for functional models such as the heavy-duty tractor with manual gearbox, the wheel loader that can do some proper excavating, and the road sweeper that will make the battery hoover superfluous for model railways in the future. In addition to teaching the basics such as the use of LEDs and muscular wire, this book is particularly concerned with the steering, switching and lighting of H0 vehicles. The solutions presented here require a well-equipped hobby workshop, but some of the projects can also be realised without a lathe or milling machine. Over 140 illustrations and numerous sketches and tables supplement the text.




Micromodels to water


Book Description

Ships, submarines, amphibious vehicles - functional in 1:87/H0 Models in small scales are particularly fascinating - micromodels on water even more so! In this book, the four authors - most of them already known from other books on the subject of micromodels - present ships, submarines and amphibious vehicles almost completely in 1:87 scale, also known as H0. Of course, they do not limit themselves to the pure driving functions. The models in this book are packed with special functions of all kinds - by the way, many of them can also be used for models in larger scales. The technology presented here makes almost everything possible and the instructions show that a replica is also feasible with normal means. Take up the challenge and put a micro-functional model on the water! From the content • Introduction – a few thoughts in advance • Henry Morgan – a small harbour tugboat to warm up • Little helpers – simple tools with great effect • Arngast – a plastic model learns to dive • Wulf Isebrand – deep drawing technology in miniature • Soldering aid – hole grid board to help with soldering • LED – Handling LEDs in Model Making • DUKW – a ship with wheels • ROV – maximum fun with minimal effort • Calypso – a handy functional model • Hermann Marwede – conversion of a Revell - model in 1/72nd scale • Friesland – a crane ship with play value




Forecasting from Multi-equation Econometric Micromodels


Book Description

Forecasting from multi-equation models has very rarely been the focus in econometric literature. In response, this book presents a range of methodologies to approach this complex field and offers readers essential information on forecasting from multi-equation econometric micromodels. In the twentieth century, significant interest in econometric macromodels emerged. These multi-equation models are mostly systems of interdependent equations, most often used to describe the national economies of various countries. The book analyzes econometric forecasting procedures and illustrates them with empirical examples that are based on real economic (mostly business-derived) data. The procedure of forecast building from systems of interdependent equations is presented for two categories of econometric models: models with a feedback effect and models with closed-loop links between interdependent variables. The forecasts obtained via this technique are compared with the results derived from reduced-form equations of the respective econometric model. The author also generalizes the rules of the reduced-recursive (helical, iterative) procedure application, against the backdrop of the proposed method of forecast building from reduced-form equations of systems of interdependent equations. Given its scope, the book will appeal not only to PhD students and researchers, but also undergraduate students and academics in general.