Author : Busiswa Ndaba
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 37,38 MB
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic dissertations
ISBN :
Sweet sorghum bagasse -- Microwave pretreatment -- Fermentation -- Zymomonas mobilis -- Bioethanol -- Soetsorghum-bagasse -- Mikrogolfbehandeling -- Fermentasie -- Bio-ethanol.
Author : Jiby Kudakasseril Kurian
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 39,44 MB
Release : 2015
Category :
ISBN :
"The production of biofuels and biomaterials in the centralized biorefineries is challenged not only by the low bulk density material but also due to its variation in the availability and composition of the lignocellulosic part. Hence, on-farm production of denser and more uniform material for biorefinery operations is one of the solutions to address these problems. Under this circumstance, this study investigated the potential of steam-assisted and microwave-assisted treatments for the on-farm processing of lignocelluloses. Sweet sorghum bagasse was subjected to steam-assisted hydrothermal treatment (SAHT) for the extraction of hemicellulose. The optimized conditions of 12.5% (g/g) substrate concentration and 90 min of treatment at 121°C were conducive to the extraction of 72.69% (g/g) of the hemicelluloses and produced a hydrolysate containing 59.80 g/L reducing sugars. The SAHT-SSB was composed of 56.36% (g/g) cellulose and 31.42% (g/g) lignin. The hemicellulose-extracted residue was subjected to a steam-assisted lime treatment (SALT) to extract the lignin. The optimized conditions of 10% (g/g substrate) Ca(OH)2 and 106 min of treatment at 121°C extracted 69.67% (g/g) of the lignin from the SAHT-SSB, and produced a residue composed of 68.29% (g/g) cellulose and 13.26% (g/g) lignin. The extracted lignin was present in the yellow colored liquor. The CO2 treatment of the yellow liquor precipitated 58.85% (g/g) of the lignin present.Next, the SSB was subjected to microwave (MW)-assisted hydrothermal treatment (MAHT) at 121°C for the extraction of hemicellulose. The optimized conditions of 10% (g/g) substrate and 65 min of treatment time extracted 70.83% (g/g) of the hemicellulose from SSB. The hydrolysate contained 60.82 g/L reducing sugars and 2.98 g/L furfural. The solid residue was composed of 53.38% (g/g) cellulose and 30.19% (g/g) lignin. The MAHT-SSB was subjected to the MW-assisted lime treatment at 121°C for the extraction of lignin. Under the optimized conditions, lime at a concentration of 10% (g/g) of the substrate and 78 min of treatment residence time, 68.27% (g/g) of the lignin was extracted from MAHT-SSB. The MALT-SSB was composed of 69.41% (g/g) cellulose and 12.59% (g/g) lignin. The yellow-liquor was treated with CO2 and 60.26% (g/g) of the dissolved lignin was recovered.While comparing, the steam-assisted and MW-assisted methods have not exhibited differences in the overall recovery of solids, extraction of hemicellulose and lignin, and recovery of lignin and lime. The difference was found to be significant (p-value
Author : Arosha Hemantha Loku Umagiliyage
Publisher :
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 19,66 MB
Release : 2013
Category :
ISBN :
With recent emphasis on development of alternatives to fossil fuels, sincere attempts are being made on finding suitable lignocellulosic feedstocks for biochemical conversion to fuels and chemicals. Sweet Sorghum is among the most widely adaptable cereal grasses, with high drought resistance, and ability to grow on low quality soils with low inputs. It is a C4 crop with high photosynthetic efficiency and biomass yield. Since sweet sorghum has many desirable traits, it has been considered as an attractive feedstock. Large scale sweet sorghum juice extraction results in excessive amounts of waste sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB), which is a promising low cost lignocellusic feed stock. The ability of two pretreatment methods namely conventional oven and microwave oven pretreatment for disrupting lignocellulosic structures of sweet sorghum bagasse with lime [Ca(OH)2 ] and sodium hydroxide [NaOH] was evaluated. The primary goal of this study was to determine optimal alkali pretreatment conditions to obtain higher biomass conversion (TRS yield) while achieving higher lignin reduction for biofuel production. The prime objective was achieved using central composite design (CCD) and optimization of biomass conversion and lignin removal simultaneously for each alkali separately by response surface method (RSM). Quadratic models were used to define the conditions that separately and simultaneously maximize the response variables. The SSB used in this study was composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the percentage of 36.9 + 1.6, 17.8 + 0.6, and 19.5 + 1.1, respectively. The optimal conditions for lime pretreatment in the conventional oven at 100 °C was 1.7 (% w/v) lime concentration (=0.0024 molL-1 ), 6.0% (w/v) SSB loading, 2.4 hr pretreatment time with predicted yields of 85.6% total biomass conversion and 35.5% lignin reduction. For NaOH pretreatment, 2% (w/v) alkali (=0.005 molL-1 ), 6.8% SSB loading and 2.3 hr duration was the optimal level with predicted biomass conversion and lignin reduction of 92.9% and 50.0%, respectively. More intensive pretreatment conditions removed higher amount of hemicelluloses and cellulose. Microwave based pretreatments were carried out in a CEM laboratory microwave oven (MARS 6-Xpress Microwave Reactions System, CEM Corporation, Matthews, NC) and with varying alkali concentration(0.3 - 3.7 % w/v) at varying temperatures (106.4 - 173.6 °C), and length of time (6.6 - 23.4 min). The NaOH pretreatment was optimized at 1.8 (% w/v) NaOH, 143 °C, 14 min time with predicted yields of 85.8% total biomass conversion and 78.7% lignin reduction. For lime pretreatment, 3.1% (w/v) lime, 138 °C and 17.5 min duration was the optimal level with predicted biomass conversion and lignin reduction of 79.9% and 61.1%, respectively. Results from this study were further supported by FTIR spectral interpretation and SEM images.
Author : Veera G. Gude
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 25,70 MB
Release : 2017-08-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 1498745164
This book focuses on chemical syntheses and processes for biofuel production mediated by microwave energy. This is the first contribution in this area serving as a resource and guidance manual for understanding the principles, mechanisms, design, and applications of microwaves in biofuel process chemistry. Green chemistry of microwave-mediated biofuel reactions and thermodynamic potentials for the process biochemistry are the focus of this book. Microwave generation, wave propagation, process design, development and configurations, and biofuel applications are discussed in detail.
Author : Waldt Hamer
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 14,40 MB
Release : 2012
Category :
ISBN :
Final year report -- Chemiese en Mineraalingenieurswese.
Author : Sirinuch Chindaruska
Publisher : Lampi di stampa
Page : 129 pages
File Size : 39,26 MB
Release : 2008-09-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 8848807437
In the recent years there is a growing worldwide interest in the use of biofuels as they can reduce the CO 2 emissions of fuels used in transportation, diversify energy procurement, contribute to a longterm replacement for oil and offer new earning opportunuties for the rural sector. This book by dr. Sirinuch Chindaruksa and dr. Michela Pin represents a humble, but effective and timely, contribution to assessing the role that biofuels can play. It is devoted to a careful discussion of sweet sorghum as a suitable (profitable, promising) raw material for bioethanol production, including the analysis of a small scale plant. Sirinuch Chindaruksa e Michela Pin in modo semplice, danno un contributo all’attualissimo e diffuso argomento dell’uso di biocarburanti nei mezzi di trasporto al fine di ridurre l’emissione di CO2. Nel libro è esposta un’argomentazione accurata sul sorgo zuccherino come materia prima idonea ed economicamente vantaggiosa nella produzione di bioetanolo.
Author : Ayerim Y. Hernández Almanza
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 542 pages
File Size : 35,58 MB
Release : 2022-07-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 1000565130
This new book, Bioethanol: Biochemistry and Biotechnological Advances, presents some insightful perspectives and important advances in the bioethanol industry. The volume goes into detail on the biochemical and physiological parameters carried out by the main bioethanol-producing microorganisms as well as the discusses the potential applications that bioproducts can have and the advantages they generate. The chapter authors discuss a variety of issues, including the physiology of ethanol production by yeasts, by Zymomonas mobilis, and by Clostridium thermocellum. Other sources of biofuel, such as sweet sorghum, Agave americana L. leaves waste, and fungi are included as well. Chapters also discuss the genetic regulation and genetic engineering of principal microorganisms and then go on to address ways to increase ethanol tolerance in industrially important ethanol fermenting organisms, methods for developing sustainable fermentable substrates, and new strategies for ethanol purification. Chapters explore the design and engineering requirements for bioreactors, bioelectrosynthesis of ethanol via bioelectrochemical systems, and more. The book will be a valuable resource for faculty and students in this area as well as for scientists, researchers, and managers in the biofuel industry in the area of biofuel production, fermentation process, environmental engineering and all other related scientific areas.
Author : R. Praveen Kumar
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 643 pages
File Size : 30,38 MB
Release : 2019-11-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 0128189975
The utilization of various types of biomass residue to produce products such as biofuels and biochemicals means biorefinery technology using biomass residues may become a one-stop solution to the increasing need for sustainable, non-fossil sources of energy and chemicals.Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts: Technology, Advances, Life Cycle Assessment and Economics focuses on the various biorefineries currently available and discusses their uses, challenges, and future developments. This book introduces the concept of integrated biorefinery systems, as well as their operation and feedstock sourcing. It explores the specificities, current developments, and potential end products of various types of residue, from industrial and municipal to agricultural and marine, as well as residue from food industries. Sustainability issues are discussed at length, including life cycle assessment, economics, and cost analysis of different biorefinery models. In addition, a number of global case studies examine successful experiences in different regions.This book is an ideal resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of bioenergy and waste management who are looking to learn about technologies involved in residue biorefinery systems, how to reduce their environmental impacts, and how to ensure their commercial viability. - Explores a range of different biorefinery categories, such as industrial, agricultural, and marine biomass residues - Includes a Life Cycle Assessment of biorefinery models, in addition to costs and market analysis. - Features case studies from around the world and is written by an international team of authors
Author : Zhen Fang
Publisher : Springer
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 42,38 MB
Release : 2014-11-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9401796122
Conversion of biomass into chemicals and biofuels is an active research and development area as trends move to replace traditional fossil fuels with renewable resources. By integrating processing methods with microwave and ultrasound irradiation into biorefineries, the time-scale of many operations can be greatly reduced while the efficiency of the reactions can be remarkably increased so that process intensification can be achieved. “Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Microwave” and “Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Ultrasound” are two independent volumes in the Biofuels and Biorefineries series that take different, but complementary approaches for the pretreatment and chemical transformation of biomass into chemicals and biofuels. The volume “Microwave” provides current research advances and prospects in theoretical and practical aspects of microwave irradiation including properties, effects and temperature monitoring, design of chemical reactors, synergistic effects on combining microwave, ultrasound, hydrodynamic cavitation and high-shear mixing into processes, chemical and catalytic conversion of lignin into chemicals, pyrolysis and gasification, syngas production from wastes, platform chemicals, algal biodiesel, cellulose-based nanocomposites, lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, green chemistry metrics and energy consumption and techno-economic analysis for a catalytic pyrolysis facility that processes pellets into aromatics. Each of the 12 chapters has been peer-reviewed and edited to improve both the quality of the text and the scope and coverage of the topics. Both volumes “Microwave” and “Ultrasound” are references designed for students, researchers, academicians and industrialists in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering and include introductory chapters to highlight present concepts of the fundamental technologies and their application. Dr. Zhen Fang is Professor in Bioenergy, Leader and founder of biomass group, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden and is also adjunct Professor of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China. Dr. Richard L Smith, Jr. is Professor of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Tohoku University, Japan. Dr. Xinhua Qi is Professor of Environmental Science, Nankai University, China.
Author : Muhammad Arshad
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 30,40 MB
Release : 2020-11-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3030592804
This book amalgamates the facts on carbon dioxide capture from ethanol fermentation of sugarcane molasses and its impact on climate changes. Learning objectives will be achieved through tables and figures that guide professional and students alike through a user-friendly format. The book presents advanced information on CO2 production from ethanol facilities, impact on climate changes and global warming. Utilization of CO2 in various chemical industries, carbonated beverage industry, and processing and preservation of food are illustrated. The book is equally invaluable to students of the relevant disciplines and to those taking more specialized climate change/sustainability courses. Industry employees involved in product development, production management and quality management will benefit as well. Academics in teaching, research and personnel involved in environment regulatory capacity should also find this book ideal for their use.
