Migrant Remittances and Household Survival in Zimbabwe


Book Description

Migrant remittances are now recognised as an important source of global development finance and there is increasing evidence that international remittances have considerable developmental impacts. The contribution of remittances to GDP in many developing countries is significant and has shown a steady increase over the past decade. However, while there is a consensus that remittance flows to Africa are increasing, little attention has been paid to the impact of these transfers on poverty alleviation, primarily because of data deficiencies at the household level. Despite their obvious magnitude, accurate data on remittance flows to Zimbabwe is unavailable or inaccessible. In an attempt to address such data deficiencies, SAMP devised the household-level Migration and Remittances Survey (MARS) which was administered in several SADC countries, including Zimbabwe. The MARS study was implemented in Zimbabwe in 2005 and surveyed 723 urban and rural households.




Migrant ReMittances and HouseHold Survival in - ZiMbabwe - D T a C


Book Description

The Migration and Remittances Survey (MARS) was designed by a consortium of SAMP partners and research- ers and implemented in several major migrant origin countries in the region. [...] With the exception of Zimbabwe, most of the migrant movements and subse- quent remittances flows are intra-regional. [...] In the Zimbabwean case, about 60% of the migrants reside within the SADC region and 40% outside it, providing opportunities for comparison of the two migrant streams. [...] The MARS methodol- ogy involved the representative sampling and interviewing of migrant-sending households in the countries of origin. [...] Although there have been changes in the volume of the migrant flow from Zimbabwe since 2005, we believe that the results of the MARS survey provide a unique window on the role of remittances in liveli- hoods and household survival in Zimbabwe.




Food Remittances: Migration and Food Security in Africa


Book Description

There is considerable evidence from across the African continent that a significant proportion of cash remittances to rural areas is spent on food. However, bidirectional food remitting – its drivers, dimensions and impacts – is an underdeveloped research and policy area. This report therefore reviews the current state of knowledge about food remittances in Africa and aims to make a number of contributions to the study of the relationship between migration and food security.




Zimbabwe's Exodus


Book Description

Zimbabwe's Exodus: Crisis, Migration, Survival is written by leading migration scholars, many from the Zimbabwean diaspora. The book explores the relationship between Zimbabwe's economic and political crisis and migration as a survival strategy.




Migration, Remittances and Development in Southern Africa


Book Description

Migrant remittances are a focus of attention worldwide, with debates raging on their impact on poverty alleviation. Less well known is that over a third of remittances to underdeveloped countries originate in other developing countries. Remittances as goods and commodities, and remittances from urban to rural areas are important. This is the case in the southern African region where cross-border migration is commonplace. Remittances to Africa easily exceed development aid, yet the comparative research and publication interest is paltry. The southern African context suffers particularly from a paucity of data. This survey provides information on the profile of the migrant population, remittance flows and usage at household level in five SADC countries, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. It considers remittances both within the region and from Africans in the diaspora. Further factors under consideration are gender, age, education level and tradition.




Rural Livelihoods in Zimbabwe


Book Description

The volume of remittances to developing countries has been growing significantly, particularly over the last twenty years. The total value of remittances flowing through official channels worldwide more than doubled between 1988 and 1999. Most of these remittances are channelled through unofficial means by undocumented migrants. While there is growing realisation of its importance as a source of livelihood and development finance, there has not been much focus on remittances from undocumented migrants. Within the context of deteriorating economic conditions in Zimbabwe, this study shows the impact of remittances from undocumented migrants on household livelihoods in rural Zimbabwe. While based on a case study of a small community in Zimbabwe, the study provides material that underscores the significance of remittances from undocumented migrants for household livelihoods and development. The study is a useful addition to the literature on migration, remittances and development, and highly relevant to policy making. France Maphosa is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work at the National University of Lesotho (NUL). He obtained his PhD in Sociology from the University of Zimbabwe where he was a Senior Lecturer and Head of the Department of Sociology before joining NUL. He has researched and published on Sociology of Entrepreneurship, Corporate Social Responsibility, Migration and HIV/AIDS at the Workplace, among others. He is co-editor of Zimbabwe's Development Experience Since 1980: Challenges and Prospects for the Future, published in 2008.




Migration and Development in Mozambique


Book Description

Despite Mozambique's relatively high economic growth rate, there has been little absorption of unskilled workers. The urban informal sector has become unattractive to the rural poor, as competition for jobs makes economic survival more difficult. As a result, rural households have sought employment in South Africa. Yet much Mozambican employment in South Africa remains ?illegal?, with concomitant risks of exploitation, insecurity and marginalisation. This paper undertakes an inter-regional analysis of south, central and northern Mozambique, considering the impact of remittances in the south, and disparities in wealth and wellbeing. It concludes that the nature of migration in the area has changed significantly in the post-apartheid era, with a notable shift from mining to more varied employment opportunities. Wage remittances remain likely to fall and the employment situation become less secure however, as free market policies, combined with harsh policies on undocumented migrants, take their toll.




Remittance Markets in Africa


Book Description

Remittances sent by African migrants have become an important source of external finance for countries in the Sub-Saharan African region. In many African countries, these flows are larger than foreign direct investment and portfolio debt and equity flows. In some cases, they are similar in size to official aid from multilateral and bilateral donors. Remittance markets in Africa, however, remain less developed than other regions. The share of informal or unrecorded remittances is among the highest for Sub-Saharan African countries. Remittance costs tend to be significantly higher in Africa both for sending remittances from outside the region and for within-Africa (South-South) remittance corridors. At the same time, the remittance landscape in Africa is rapidly changing with the introduction of new remittance technologies, in particular mobile money transfers and branchless banking. This book presents findings of surveys of remittance service providers conducted in eight Sub-Saharan African countries and in three key destination countries. It looks at issues relating to costs, competition, innovation and regulation, and discusses policy options for leveraging remittances for development in Africa.




Marginality, Migration and Education


Book Description

This book provides a missing link between marginality, migration and education in Zimbabwe, focusing on the educational experiences of migrants’ children in an effort to influence government policies concerning migrant parents and their left-behind children. While there is a large body of knowledge on the education of children of immigrants in destination countries, this book aims to fill in the gap by addressing the children who do not migrate with their parents. Through this unique approach, the book examines the education statuses of these left-behind children, offering insights into their educational challenges, rights, and inequities to better inform policy decisions to meet the 2030 education agenda for action established by the United Nations in 2015. The book will of interest and use to governments, NGOs, teachers and local communities in Africa as a resource to better understand the situation of migrants’ left-behind children as a category of vulnerable children in difficult circumstances.




Calibrating Informal Cross-Border Trade in Southern Africa


Book Description

The study demonstrates that informal cross-border is a complex phenomenon and not uniform across the region, or even through border posts of the same country. However, the overall volume of trade, duties paid and VAT foregone, as well as the types of goods and where they are produced, indicate that this sector of regional trade should be given much greater attention and support by governments of the region as well as regional organizations such as the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), SADC and the Southern African Customs Union (SACU).