Modulation characteristics and noise in single mode semiconductor lasers


Book Description

Propriedades dinâmicas dos lasers semicondutores monomodo têm sido investigadas utilizando-se diferentes sistemas ópticos de medição. Sistemas ópticos integrados auto-homódino e heteródino foram montados para a medição da modulação em intensidade (IM) e freqüência (FM) e para a obtenção do fator de alargamento da largura de linha (alfa) de três lasers semicondutores de realimentação distribuída (DFB) de seção única. O sistema auto-homódino foi pela primeira vez empregado na obtenção do fator de alargamento da largura de linha. Este sistema mostrou-se mais estável, prático e as medidas apresentam melhor reprodutibilidade que no sistema heteródino, uma vez que é possível obter as características de IM, FM e o parâmetro alfa em uma única medida sem o uso de um outro laser semicondutor como oscilador local. O outro sistema utilizador foi o interferômetro de Mach-Zehnder com detenção balanceada montado com elementos discretos. É possível medir as características de modulação e ruídos dos dispositivos com este interferômetro empregado como discriminador de freqüência. Com este instrumento foi feita a caracterização dinâmica de lasers DFB de seção única, DBR de múltiplas seções e grating assisted codirectional coupler with rear sampled reflector (GCSR) lasers. Foi analisado e pela primeira vez quantificado o efeito de desintonização carrregada em lasers GCSR, pelas medidads de resposta da IM, ruído de freqüência e largura de linha. A realização da caracterização das propriedades dinâmicas de lasers GCSR de larga sintonia é de grande importância, uma vez que muito pouca informação está disponível sobre o assunto pois a estrutura do dispositivo foi desenvolvida recentemente. O lasers GCSR possui quatro seções, uma seção de ganho e três sintonia. Estes dispositivos possuem sintonia quase-contínua de 1520 a 1560nm. Características como ruído de intensidade relativo (RIN), ruído de freqüência, largura de linha, resposta a modulação de amplitude e de freqÜência foram investigadas sob diferentes condições de funcionamento. O comportamento da largura de linha, freeqüência de ressonância, largura de faixa de modulação e varredura em freqüência foi analisado em dez comprimentos de onda espaçados de 4nm dentro da faixa de sintonia. A resposta IM tem características quase constantes sobre a faixa de sintonia e a resposta FM é comparável ou melhor que em lasers com refletor de Bragg distribuído (DBR). O fator de alargamento da largura de linha (alfa) foi obtido de forma inédita pelo uso do interferômetro de Mach-Zehnder com detecção balanceada pela medida das respostas AM e FM, alfa tem seu valor máximo no lado dos comprimentos de onda mais longos e decresce na direção dos comprimentos de onda mais curtos. Foi observado uma melhora em algumas prorpiedades do laser como: redução do ruído de freqüência, largura de linha e aumento da largura de faixa de modulação com a sintonia da seção de fase. Isto é característico da ocorrência do efeito de desintonização carregada (detuned loading effect), o qual geralmente ocorre em lasers DBR. Este efito explica o comportamento observado da largura de linha, largura de faixa de modulação e parâmetro alfa na faixa de sintonia.




Laser Diode Modulation and Noise


Book Description

Laser diodes represent a key element in the emerging field of opto electronics which includes, for example, optical communication, optical sensors or optical disc systems. For all these applications, information is either transmitted, stored or read out. The performance of these systems depends to a great deal on the performance of the laser diode with regard to its modulation and noise characteristics. Since the modulation and noise characteristics of laser diodes are of vital importance for optoelectronic systems, the need for a book arises that concentrates on this subject. This book thus closes the gap between books on the device physics of semiconductor lasers and books on system design. Complementary to the specific topics concerning modulation and noise, the first part of this book reviews the basic laser characteristics, so that even a reader without detailed knowledge of laser diodes may follow the text. In order to understand the book, the reader should have a basic knowledge of electronics, semiconductor physics and optical communica tions. The work is primarily written for the engineer or scientist working in the field of optoelectronics; however, since the book is self-contained and since it contains a lot of numerical examples, it may serve as a textbook for graduate students. In the field of laser diode modulation and noise a vast amount has been published during recent years. Even though the book contains more than 600 references, only a small part of the existing literature is included.




Single Frequency Semiconductor Lasers


Book Description

This book systematically introduces the single frequency semiconductor laser, which is widely used in many vital advanced technologies, such as the laser cooling of atoms and atomic clock, high-precision measurements and spectroscopy, coherent optical communications, and advanced optical sensors. It presents both the fundamentals and characteristics of semiconductor lasers, including basic F-P structure and monolithic integrated structures; interprets laser noises and their measurements; and explains mechanisms and technologies relating to the main aspects of single frequency lasers, including external cavity lasers, frequency stabilization technologies, frequency sweeping, optical phase locked loops, and so on. It paints a clear, physical picture of related technologies and reviews new developments in the field as well. It will be a useful reference to graduate students, researchers, and engineers in the field.




Semiconductor Laser Fundamentals


Book Description

Ranging from fundamental theoretical concepts to advanced device technologies, this reference/text explores the engineering, characteristics, and performance of specific semiconductor lasers. It defines key principles in electromagnetics, optoelectronics, and laser implementation for novel applications in optical communications, storage, processing




Introduction to Semiconductor Lasers for Optical Communications


Book Description

This updated, second edition textbook provides a thorough and accessible treatment of semiconductor lasers from a design and engineering perspective. It includes both the physics of devices as well as the engineering, designing and testing of practical lasers. The material is presented clearly with many examples provided. Readers of the book will come to understand the finer aspects of the theory, design, fabrication and test of these devices and have an excellent background for further study of optoelectronics.







Semiconductor Lasers


Book Description

Market: Graduate students and researchers requiring an up-to-date review of current work in semiconductor lasers. "There's plenty to surprise and impress anyone who hasn't been following the semiconductor laser field intently." New Scientist This book fills a major gap in the literature of semiconductor lasers by providing, in a single volume, ten up-to-date review articles written in a pedagogical manner by well-known experts. The topics cover the entire range of current activity in the field. The last two chapters of the book are devoted to applications and are intended to provide a perspective on how the research advances described in earlier chapters eventually translate into commercial products.




Strong Optical Injection Locking of Edge-emitting Lasers and Its Applications


Book Description

Semiconductor lasers are essential components that enable high-speed long-haul communication and have been widely used for various applications in photonics technology. Semiconductor lasers under optical injection locking exhibit superior performance over free-running lasers and provide useful applications not achievable through the free-running lasers. The performance of injection-locked lasers has been found to be significantly improved with stronger injection. In this dissertation, the characteristics and applications of semiconductor lasers under strong optical injection locking are presented and analyzed in various aspects. First, ultra-strong (injection ratio R ̃10 dB) optical injection locking properties are investigated experimentally and theoretically. Direct modulation responses of ultra-strong optical injection-locked distributed feedback (DFB) lasers show three distinctive modulation characteristics depending on frequency detuning values. These different optical properties and electric modulation characteristics can be utilized in various applications such as analog fiber optic link, broadband digital communications, RF photonics and opto-electronic oscillators (OEOs). Using the strong injection-locked lasers, a novel single sideband generation has been demonstrated. A modulation sideband on the longer wavelength side is enhanced due to the resonant amplification by the slave laser's cavity mode, resulting in a 12-dB asymmetry at 20-GHz RF modulation. The dispersion limited RF bandwidth has been greatly increased by maintaining the variation of fiber transmission response within 7 dB up to 20-GHz RF carrier frequency over 80-km fiber transmission. Second, to improve fiber optic link performances, gain-lever distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers have been fabricated. With a gain-lever modulation, 9-dB increase of a link gain has been achieved compared with a standard modulation.







Semiconductor Laser Fundamentals


Book Description

Ranging from fundamental theoretical concepts to advanced device technologies, this reference/text explores the engineering, characteristics, and performance of specific semiconductor lasers. It defines key principles in electromagnetics, optoelectronics, and laser implementation for novel applications in optical communications, storage, processing, measurement, and sensing. This text prepares students for advanced experimental and theoretical research in semiconductor laser technology and provides the only comprehensive, systematic, and concise description of semiconductor lasers available for an understanding of the physics and parameters of laser operation and function.