Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Basement Membranes


Book Description

Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Basement Membranes reviews the knowledge about the molecular and cellular aspects of basement membranes. This book focuses on the composition of basement membranes and their organization in extracellular matrices and presents a structural analysis of the various components of the basement membrane. The importance of basement membranes with respect to cell-matrix interactions, differentiation, and pathology is also considered. This text is organized into three sections and is comprised of 20 chapters. It begins with historical perspectives and an overview of the extracellular matrix in general and the basement membrane in particular. The discussion then turns to the organization of basement membrane components into a three-dimensional and functional matrix, along with the unique characteristics of basement membranes in skin, nerve, and kidney. The reader is also introduced to the specificity of particular basement membranes in particular histological sites; the molecular characteristics of basement membrane collagens, laminins, and proteoglycans; and the interaction of specific peptide domains of basement membrane components with cell surface receptors. Finally, the book explains how subtle changes in basement membrane composition or protein structure can cause dramatic pathology. This book will be of value to cell biologists, molecular biologists, biochemists, and pathologists.




Extracellular Matrix Assembly and Structure


Book Description

The complex and critical process of extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly is described in this book. Assembly may involve molecules interacting with molecules of the same matrix class, such as in collagen, or interactions between different ECM molecules, such as in basement membranes. The text shows how this is driven by structural information within the matrix monomer. This information will be of interest to cell, developmental, and molecular biologists, biochemists, biophysicists, and biomedical researchers involved in macromolecular assembly, biological macromolecules, and extracellular matrix. - Addresses assembly of most of the known classes of extracellular matrix macromolecules - Discusses higher order structures produced by ECM - Gives important concepts in ECM and cell-matrix interactions, Protein structure and protein-protein interactions, Development and tissue remodeling







The Extracellular Matrix: an Overview


Book Description

Knowledge of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential to understand cellular differentiation, tissue development, and tissue remodeling. This volume of the series “Biology of Extracellular Matrix” provides a timely overview of the structure, regulation, and function of the major macromolecules that make up the extracellular matrix. It covers topics such as collagen types and assembly of collagen-containing suprastructures, basement membrane, fibronectin and other cell-adhesive glycoproteins, proteoglycans, microfibrils, elastin, fibulins and matricellular proteins, such as thrombospondin. It also explores the concept that ECM components together with their cell surface receptors can be viewed as intricate nano-devices that allow cells to physically organize their 3-D-environment. Further, the role of the ECM in human disease and pathogenesis is discussed as well as the use of model organisms in elucidating ECM function.




Cell Biology of Extracellular Matrix


Book Description

In the ten-year interval since the first edition of this volume went to press, our knowledge of extracellular matrix (ECM) function and structure has enor mously increased. Extracellular matrix and cell-matrix interaction are now routine topics in the meetings and annual reviews sponsored by cell biology societies. Research in molecular biology has so advanced the number of known matrix molecules and the topic of gene structure and regulation that we won dered how best to incorporate the new material. For example, we deliberated over the inclusion of chapters on molecular genetics. We decided that with judicious editing we could present the recent findings in molecular biology within the same cell biology framework that was used for the first edition, using three broad headings: what is extracellular matrix, how is it made, and what does it do for cells? Maintaining control over the review of literature on the subject of ECM was not always an easy task, but we felt it was essential to production of a highly readable volume, one compact enough to serve the the student as an introduction and the investigator as a quick update on graduate the important recent discoveries. The first edition of this volume enjoyed con hope the reader finds this edition equally useful. siderable success; we D. Hay Elizabeth vii Contents Introductory Remarks 1 Elizabeth D. Hay PART I. WHAT IS EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX? Chapter 1 Collagen T. F. Linsenmayer 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2. The Collagen Molecule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2. 1. Triple-Helical Domain(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .




Regulation of Angiogenesis


Book Description

thrombospondin-l may be encoded by a tumor suppressor gene. Dr. O'Reilly discusses angiostatin, an exciting recently discovered factor derived from the fibrinolytic proenzyme plasminogen that inhibits tumor angiogenesis, primary tumor growth, and formation of metastases. In addition to the soluble class of angiogenesis-regulatory factors discussed above, interactions of endothelial cells with components of the extracellular matrix and with other cell types are critical for proper formation of vessels. Drs. Grant and Kleinman discuss the role of laminin and other matrix molecules in regulation of capillary formation. Dr. van Hinsbergh and colleagues describe the role of fibrin and the fibrinolytic system in angiogenesis associated with wound repair. Cell surface mole­ cules that interact with the extracellular matrix have been implicated in the regulation of angiogenesis. Dr. Varner discusses some exciting new studies on the roles of specific vascular cell integrins (a /33 and a /3s) in mediating v v tumor angiogenesis and angiogenesis associated with wound healing. The pericyte, a vascular smooth muscle-like cell, exerts a powerful regulatory effect during the later stages of angiogenesis in which mature capillaries are formed. These mechanisms are discussed by Drs. Hirschi and D' Amore. With all the recent progress in the molecular biology of angiogenesis, the contribution of microenvironmental conditions such as hypoxia and pH to angiogenesis is often ignored. Drs. Rockwell and Knisely review this area of investigation and present studies of experimental tumor models.




Genetic Diseases of the Kidney


Book Description

Genetic approaches have revolutionized our understanding of the fundamental causes of human disease by permitting the identification of specific genes in which variation causes or contributes to susceptibility to, or protection from, disease. More than 2,000 disease genes have been identified in the last 20 years, providing important new insight into the pathophysiology of diseases in every field of medicine. Genetic Diseases of the Kidney offers expert insight into the role of genetic abnormalities in the pathogenesis of abnormal kidney function and kidney disease. Genetic abnormalities are carefully presented within the appropriate physiologic context so that readers will understand not only which genes are linked to which diseases but also which pathways lead from a genetic "disturbance to the systemic appearance of disease. - Lays the essential foundation of mammalian genetics principles for medical professionals with little or no background in genetics - Analyzes specific renal diseases – both monogenic disorders confined to the kidney and systemic diseases with renal involvement – and explains their genetic causes - World-renowned editors and authors offer expert frameworks for understanding the links between genes and complex clinical disorders (i.e., lupus, diabetes, HIV, and hypertension)




The Molecular and Cellular Biology of Wound Repair


Book Description

'Provides comprehensive detail on the various aspects of particular molecules involved in the phases of injury and repair and the cellular movements and processes....This is an excellent reference book for libraries serving biology and health science clientele and for workers in this field of research.' -American Scientist, from a review of the First Edition All chapters of this second edition have been completely revised and expanded-especially the chapters on growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules. New chapters discuss provisional matrix proteins, extracellular matrix receptors, and scarring versus nonscarring wound healing.




Stevens & Lowe's Human Histology - E-Book


Book Description

Easy to read, well organized, and focused on high-yield content, Human Histology, 5th Edition, features concise, up-to-date coverage of the core knowledge in this complex field. Ideal for students in all areas of health care, this revised edition is aligned with recent developments in integrated and problem-based learning, providing rapid access to relevant, practical knowledge in histology. It provides students with opportunities to make important connections between histological knowledge, cell biology, anatomy, clinical understanding, and assessment. - Features an easy-to-navigate, full-colour layout that includes summary headings, readable text, quick-reference tables, and key facts – all highlighted by nearly 900 clear illustrations, photos, and graphics throughout. - Covers the latest concepts and advances in histology including developments in the primary cilium, the nuclear pore, extracellular matrix components, dendritic spines, subsets of astrocytes, haematopoiesis, classification of cells in the immune system, macrophage subsets, and much more. - Includes NEW self-assessment questions. - Provides just the right amount of detail for maximum readability and retention. - Highlights key laboratory, clinical, and high-level scientific material in boxes. - Presents advanced concepts such as the molecular and functional relevance of histological features. - Provides review material in the book and online, self-assessment questions plus 180 additional review questions online. - Evolve Instructor Resources, including a downloadable image and test bank, are available to instructors through their Elsevier sales rep or via request at: https://evolve.elsevier.com




The Zebrafish: Disease Models and Chemical Screens


Book Description

This volume of Methods in Cell Biology is the 3e, and provides comprehensive compendia of laboratory protocols and reviews covering all the new methods developed since 2004. This new volume on Disease Models and Chemical Screens, covers two rapidly emerging and compelling applications of the zebrafish. - Details state-of-the art zebrafish protocols, delineating critical steps in the procedures as well as potential pitfalls - This volume concentrates on Disease Models and Chemical Screens