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Mutation Induced in Gladiolas through Physical and Chemical Mutagens

Author : Sudha Patil

Publisher : GRIN Verlag

Page : 15 pages

File Size : 25,21 MB

Release : 2017-10-09

Category : Science

ISBN : 3668544336

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Book Description

Scientific Study from the year 2017 in the subject Biology - Genetics / Gene Technology, grade: 8.6, , course: ASPEE College of Horticulture & Forestry, language: English, abstract: This investigation on mutation induced in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus) cv. American Beauty through physical and chemical mutagens was carried out at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat). Corms were treated with different doses of gamma rays (5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 kR), EMS (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) and DES (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%). Different vegetative, floral and yield characters were taken under study. The gladiolus is known worldwide for its attractive spikes and has gained much importance as 'Queen of bulbous flowers' with ever increasing demand in the flower market. Among the commercial flowers, the gladiolus is one of the most important flowers in India because of its majestic spikes containing attractive, elegant and delicate florets of various shades, sequential opening of flowers for a longer duration and good keeping quality of cut flowers. Gladiolas need attention towards genetic improvement as the demand of flowers is increasing continuously. Since garden varieties of today come from diverse genetic parentage that are heteroploids ranging from 2n=30 to 180 and hypo aneauploids so the reproduction by seeds in this case has no meaning to maintain the varietal identity, but for evolution of new forms. Due to its heterozygosity in genetic constitutions, this makes it promising test material for induction of mutagens where only one or a few characters are to be improved upon without changing the entire genotype which offers promising possibilities. The gladiolus is vegetatively grown to perfection and so mutation breeding offers great potentialities as the mutated part can be conveniently perpetuated by vegetative means resulting in the development of new forms. Hence, the present investigation was conducted and the emphasis was laid on finding out desirable variations caused by physical mutagens (gamma radiations) and chemical mutagens (EMS & DES) in gladiolus cv. American Beauty.



Role of Mutation Breeding In Floriculture Industry

Author : S.K Datta

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 384 pages

File Size : 35,61 MB

Release : 2023-12-02

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 9819956757

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Book Description

This monograph provides a comprehensive review of many aspects of current interest and progress on mutation research on vegetatively propagated ornamentals. It covers almost all aspects of induced mutagenesis on ornamental plants. Chapters in this title provides information about mutation technology for the development of new ornamental varieties. Taking all aspects together, it is an excellent reference book of updated information on mutation breeding on vegetatively propagated ornamentals. Floriculture has become a very important industry in many countries as a result of science-based techniques and a steady supply of improved plant materials. The induced mutation is now recognized as well as a standardized valuable tool for the development of new varieties. The book provides an authoritative review account of all important aspects related to inducing mutagenesis in the field of ornamental crops. The primary objective of the book is to give a coherent and concise account of earlier work with an emphasis on recent developments. The knowledge generated so far has been reviewed in this book which can work as a knowledge base to prepare guidelines for future planning of successful application of mutation technology for the floriculture industry. The information in the book is an excellent informative document for researchers, teachers, students, and breeders for understanding the application of induced mutations and planning future strategies for the development of new ornamental varieties for the floriculture industry.



Somaclonal Variation and Induced Mutations in Crop Improvement

Author : S.M. Jain

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 615 pages

File Size : 50,13 MB

Release : 2013-03-14

Category : Science

ISBN : 9401591253

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Book Description

Genetic variability is an important parameter for plant breeders in any con ventional crop improvement programme. Very often the desired variation is un available in the right combination, or simply does not exist at all. However, plant breeders have successfully recombined the desired genes from cultivated crop gerrnplasm and related wild species by sexual hybridization, and have been able to develop new cultivars with desirable agronomie traits, such as high yield, disease, pest, and drought resistance. So far, conventional breeding methods have managed to feed the world's ever-growing population. Continued population growth, no further scope of expanding arable land, soil degradation, environ mental pollution and global warrning are causes of concern to plant biologists and planners. Plant breeders are under continuous pressure to improve and develop new cultivars for sustainable food production. However, it takes several years to develop a new cultivar. Therefore, they have to look for new technologies, which could be combined with conventional methods to create more genetic variability, and reduce the time in developing new cultivars, with early-maturity, and improved yield. The first report on induced mutation of a gene by HJ. Muller in 1927 was a major mi1estone in enhancing variation, and also indicated the potential applica tions of mutagenesis in plant improvement. Radiation sources, such as X-rays, gamma rays and fast neutrons, and chemical mutagens (e. g. , ethyl methane sulphonate) have been widely used to induce mutations.



Manual on MUTATION BREEDING THIRD EDITION

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.

Page : 319 pages

File Size : 44,90 MB

Release : 2018-10-09

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 9251305269

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Book Description

This paper provides guidelines for new high-throughput screening methods – both phenotypic and genotypic – to enable the detection of rare mutant traits, and reviews techniques for increasing the efficiency of crop mutation breeding.



Induced Mutation Breeding

Author : Subodh Kumar Datta

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 440 pages

File Size : 32,36 MB

Release : 2023-05-24

Category : Science

ISBN : 9811994897

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Book Description

The book is an excellent reference collection of the research conducted by different workers on induced mutagenesis, worldwide, for more than 80 years. One can get almost all mutation breeding references at one place. The book gives a coherent and concise account of all the important and relevant aspects related to induced mutagenesis with an emphasis on recent developments in the field of crop improvement. The references have been arranged crop wise and important topic wise which deal with not only classical mutation breeding but also spontaneous mutations, somaclonal variations, nanoparticles, and relevant modern aspects. The book highlights 22 chapters covering holistic information on almost all important components such as radiosensitivity, chromosomal and morphological abnormalities, detection of mutation, management of chimera, present status of mutation etc.) of Mutation Breeding. Chapters are very informative, and one can follow the references on crop and aspect basis since the start of mutation breeding work. This book is an excellent resource for researchers and students for understanding proper applications of induced mutations in crop improvement and biological research. It is of interest and useful to graduate and postgraduate students, horticulturists, floriculturists, agricultural scientists, and breeders related to crop improvement program.





Mutagenesis

Author : N. B. Tomlekova

Publisher : Brill Wageningen Academic

Page : 0 pages

File Size : 28,80 MB

Release : 2014

Category : Biodiversity

ISBN : 9789086862443

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Book Description

In the present era various international organizations, such as FAO, UNO, IAEA, FNCA, etc., have unanimously agreed that millions of people in both developing and developed countries are not only facing a shortage of food, but also non-availability of nutrients. The main reason put forward by these agencies is that there is less genetic diversity prevalent in the major crops, which has been further diminished since the inception of conventional plant breeding. Since the first decade of the last century the mutation breeding approach has been pivotal in enhancing the genetic diversity of crops, thereby enriching the genetic pool. `Mutagenesis: exploring genetic diversity of crops¿ describes the latest achievements in mutation breeding, with a particular focus on the development of novel mutant varieties and F1 hybrids of crops highly superior to the parental ones. The book details experimental as well as literary studies of induced mutagenesis and its role in developing the new potent varieties. The book will be useful for agricultural policy making authorities in countries of agricultural importance, scientific researchers, breeders, teachers and students keen to use mutation breeding and to explore its hidden potential to secure food and nutrient availability for the growing world population.





Floriculture and Ornamental Plants

Author : S. K. Datta

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 895 pages

File Size : 35,2 MB

Release : 2022-07-05

Category : Science

ISBN : 9811535183

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Book Description

The volume on oilseed crops is developed as a part of a series on “Handbook of Agrobiodiversity: Conservation and Use of Plant Genetic Resources”. The handbook would function as a ready reference book for availability of PGR globally, along with specific source, wherefrom they can be procured, and used breeding programs, particularly to overcome various crop production constraints and to improve productivity and quality. The volume on floriculture and ornamental plants will be the source of basic information on origin and evolution and global dispersal of cultivated species of ornamentals. Presently, floriculture has established its credibility in improving income through increased productivity, generating employment and in enhancing exports. All research and developmental activities on ornamental crops are essentially multi-disciplinary in nature recognizing local issues as well as country issue. Floriculture is developing as an area of high technology based frontier interdisciplinary area on scientific excellence. Floriculture has progressed both scientifically and commercially due to concentrated efforts made on multidisciplinary research. It is developing as an area of high technology based frontier interdisciplinary area on scientific excellence. The volume will contain all information about different ornamentals. This shall be put together to develop a complete documentation of the results of the research and demonstrations conducted by different scientists. The volume will provide an illustrated horto-taxonomical account of important ornamental species and cultivars, germplasm status and their usages, propagation, nursery management, techno-economics, conventional breeding, induced mutagenesis, new varieties, cytogenetics, tissue culture, characterization of varieties, dehydration of flowers etc. This volume will give a coherent and concise account on recent developments. It will deal with all the important and relevant aspects of floriculture. The publication of this volume is planned to reveal multifarious activities done on different aspects of floriculture so that innovations made so far can be used judiciously for this sector. This book shall provide authoritative review account of many aspects of current interest and progress in the field of floriculture. The topics included in the book are interdisciplinary and cater not only classical floriculture but also relevant modern aspects. The book will provide valuable data on different aspects and will be widely accepted by by professional scientists, researchers, teachers, students, floriculturists, technocrats and planners. The volume will be an invaluable asset to floriculture scientists.



Applied Mutation Breeding for Vegetatively Propagated Crops

Author : C. Broertjes

Publisher : Elsevier

Page : 376 pages

File Size : 12,42 MB

Release : 2013-10-22

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 1483289990

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Book Description

When the first edition of this book appeared in 1978, it was warmly received. Most readers and reviewers especially valued the extensive coverage of the literature in the chapters dealing with the different crops. ``... a valuable and timely addition to plant breeders and of outstanding value to breeders of ornamental plants. The book's special strength resides in the extensive review of literature ...'' (International Journal for Breeding Research). This is also reflected by the many times that the work has been referred to in other publications.This new edition provides plant breeders as well as scientists with an up-to-date overview of methods and results of the application of mutation breeding in order to genetically improve vegetatively propagated crops. General principles and background information about mutation breeding in general, methods of treatment, material to be treated and results are discussed in the introductory chapters, followed by a description of the specific situation in each of the vegetatively propagated crops ever used in a mutation breeding project.This volume brings together all the important and relevant literature in the field. It provides a complete account of mutation breeding of vegetatively produced crops, presenting conclusions about the value of the method, its possibilities, limitations and shortcomings and the possible difficulties of further application in various crops. The initial chapters deal with the interactions between mutagenic treatment and plant material, such as aspects of mutagenic treatment, post-irradiation behaviour of shoot apices and adventitious bud techniques. All available literature is then discussed crop by crop and critically evaluated. Almost 1700 references are covered and whenever possible suggestions for more efficient application of mutation breeding methods are given.