Nanopositioning Technologies


Book Description

This book covers the state-of-the-art technologies for positioning with nanometer resolutions and accuracies, particularly those based on piezoelectric actuators and MEMS actuators. The latest advances are described, including the design of nanopositioning devices, sensing and actuation technologies and control methods for nanopositioning. This is an ideal book for mechanical and electrical engineering students and researchers; micro and nanotechnology researchers and graduate students; as well as those working in the precision instrumentation or semiconductor industries.




Design, Modeling and Control of Nanopositioning Systems


Book Description

Covering the complete design cycle of nanopositioning systems, this is the first comprehensive text on the topic. The book first introduces concepts associated with nanopositioning stages and outlines their application in such tasks as scanning probe microscopy, nanofabrication, data storage, cell surgery and precision optics. Piezoelectric transducers, employed ubiquitously in nanopositioning applications are then discussed in detail including practical considerations and constraints on transducer response. The reader is then given an overview of the types of nanopositioner before the text turns to the in-depth coverage of mechanical design including flexures, materials, manufacturing techniques, and electronics. This process is illustrated by the example of a high-speed serial-kinematic nanopositioner. Position sensors are then catalogued and described and the text then focuses on control. Several forms of control are treated: shunt control, feedback control, force feedback control and feedforward control (including an appreciation of iterative learning control). Performance issues are given importance as are problems limiting that performance such as hysteresis and noise which arise in the treatment of control and are then given chapter-length attention in their own right. The reader also learns about cost functions and other issues involved in command shaping, charge drives and electrical considerations. All concepts are demonstrated experimentally including by direct application to atomic force microscope imaging. Design, Modeling and Control of Nanopositioning Systems will be of interest to researchers in mechatronics generally and in control applied to atomic force microscopy and other nanopositioning applications. Microscope developers and mechanical designers of nanopositioning devices will find the text essential reading.




Advanced Control of Piezoelectric Micro-/Nano-Positioning Systems


Book Description

This book explores emerging methods and algorithms that enable precise control of micro-/nano-positioning systems. The text describes three control strategies: hysteresis-model-based feedforward control and hysteresis-model-free feedback control based on and free from state observation. Each paradigm receives dedicated attention within a particular part of the text. Readers are shown how to design, validate and apply a variety of new control approaches in micromanipulation: hysteresis modelling, discrete-time sliding-mode control and model-reference adaptive control. Experimental results are provided throughout and build up to a detailed treatment of practical applications in the fourth part of the book. The applications focus on control of piezoelectric grippers. Advanced Control of Piezoelectric Micro-/Nano-Positioning Systems will assist academic researchers and practising control and mechatronics engineers interested in suppressing sources of nonlinearity such as hysteresis and drift when combining position and force control of precision systems with piezoelectric actuation.







Optical Nano and Micro Actuator Technology


Book Description

In Optical Nano and Micro Actuator Technology, leading engineers, material scientists, chemists, physicists, laser scientists, and manufacturing specialists offer an in-depth, wide-ranging look at the fundamental and unique characteristics of light-driven optical actuators. They discuss how light can initiate physical movement and control a variety of mechanisms that perform mechanical work at the micro- and nanoscale. The book begins with the scientific background necessary for understanding light-driven systems, discussing the nature of light and the interaction between light and NEMS/MEMS devices. It then covers innovative optical actuator technologies that have been developed for many applications. The book examines photoresponsive materials that enable the design of optically driven structures and mechanisms and describes specific light-driven technologies that permit the manipulation of micro- and nanoscale objects. It also explores applications in optofluidics, bioMEMS and biophotonics, medical device design, and micromachine control. Inspiring the next generation of scientists and engineers to advance light-driven technologies, this book gives readers a solid grounding in this emerging interdisciplinary area. It thoroughly explains the scientific language and fundamental principles, provides a holistic view of optical nano and micro actuator systems, and illustrates current and potential applications of light-driven systems.







Progress on Advanced Manufacture for Micro/Nano Technology 2005


Book Description

This is a time of newly emerging research topics in manufacturing technologies such as MEMS/Nano-Technology, Photo-Electric Devices, Precision Mechanical, Semiconductor and Optico-Mechatronic Manufacturing Technologies as well as Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology. The objective of this book is to provide a timely opportunity for the manufacturing community to present its newest research results, exchange ideas and become familiar with new trends and directions in the above manufacturing fields. Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).




The Nanopositioning Book


Book Description

This text sets out to: define and clarify terms used in specifying nanoprecision mechanisms (accuracy, precision, linearity); provide a guide to the servocontrol systems used in the authors' products; and give a general description of technologies involved in measuring and moving small distances.




Sensor Fusion for Nanopositioning


Book Description

Master's Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: 2, Vienna University of Technology (Institute for Automation & Control), course: Master in Automation - Electrical Enginnering, language: English, abstract: Sensors can be used to measure the position of an object. In the present thesis the effects which limit the usage of sensors in high dynamic positioning applications on a nanometer level are discussed. Various sensor principles and their properties are investigated and compared. Sensors based on the measurement of i.a. magnetic fields, illumination, or even strain are characterized, as well as their range, bandwidth, resolution, linearity and disturbance rejection is determined. It will be shown that the simultaneous use of multiple sensors and the specific combination of sensors’ data (fusion) enables a higher performance primarily in terms of resolution and dynamics. Several techniques for the fusion are discussed under consideration of various aspects, however the ultimate aim of sensor fusion is similar. The methods of feedforward control, complementary filtering, Kalman filtering and optimal filtering (robust control) are developed and verified on practical problems in position sensor systems. To treat various challenges in sensor filtering and sensor fusion a methodological approach, containing separable steps of • problem formulation with well-defined prerequisits and simplifications, • theory discussion with approach to find a solution, • analytical proof or reasoning by statistical values out of numerical simulations, • experiment design, and • verification on a real time platform are realized.




Design, Fabrication and Mechanical Optimization of a Flexural High Speed Nanopositioning Imaging Stage


Book Description

The intent of this research is to generate the knowledge required to design, fabricate and operate a device capable of high speed nano-scale vertical positioning of microscopy samples. The high speed focusing device (HSFD) created during this research utilizes a new combination of technologies for the purpose of imaging: Lorentz coil actuation, flexural bearings and strain gage sensing. The application of the technologies combined with precision design principles, as used in the HSFD, result in a demonstrated combination of performance and cost gains over a measured commercially available system. The HSFD is able to perform steps with 8 ms 95% settling time, 2% dynamic accuracy, and 0.005% static accuracy while operating with a resolution of 10.5 nm (l[sigma]) over a range of 500 [mu]m at a cost of about $1400. This performance is 3x faster stepping, 2x better dynamic accuracy, ~~100x better static accuracy, equivalent resolution and range to the top of the line commercial devices at less than half of the cost. The reduced cost is envisioned to enable greater distribution and use of nano-positioning imaging stages, while the increased performance is envisioned to enable faster, more benign (in the case of biological sciences) and more precise imaging. The increased use and data gathering ability of the new device are envisioned to enable fields of research such as biology and materials science to extend their bounds further into the micro/nano-scale as well as further along the time scale for both high speed and low speed processes.