Nanoscale Temperature Measurement of Phase Transition in Water Using Novel Optical Thermometry Techniques


Book Description

Liquid to gas phase transition can be induced by the interaction of light with very small, but high absorbing particles. In the micro and nanoscale systems, this transition can be used for water purification, equipment sensitizing, drug delivery, cancer cell destruction, and biological imaging, as well as for lithography of microstructure fabrications. All the previously mentioned applications require some optimization to enhance their efficiency. Much has been done to investigate this process thoroughly, but previous studies were mostly based on theoretical calculations. A limited amount of experimental work has been reported on micro and nanoscale vapor nucleation. This dissertation explores and investigates (liquid ↔ gas) phase transitions in a system where nanoparticle heaters drive the nucleation process using a Continuous Wave illumination.




Thermometry at the Nanoscale


Book Description

Covers the fundamentals of measuring temperature at the nanoscale, luminescence-based and non-luminescence based thermometry techniques, and applications.




Progress in Photon Science


Book Description

This book summarizes the latest findings by leading researchers in the field of photon science in Russia and Japan. It discusses recent advances in the field of photon science and chemistry, covering a wide range of topics, including photochemistry and spectroscopy of novel materials, magnetic properties of solids, photobiology and imaging, and spectroscopy of solids and nanostructures. Based on lectures by respected scientists at the forefront of photon and molecular sciences, the book helps keep readers abreast of the current developments in the field.




Upconverting Nanoparticles


Book Description

Modern learning resource providing broad coverage of the rapidly-advancing field of upconverting nanoparticles This modern reference explains photon upconversion technology using nanoparticles from first principles to novel and future applications in imaging, sensing, catalysis, energy technology, biomedicine, and many other areas. Expert authors discuss both established and novel materials and applications, going far beyond the coverage of previously published books on the subject. Key topics covered in the book include: Synthesis, characterization, and basic properties of nanoparticles with photon-upconverting properties New types of upconverting nanoparticles, including transition metal- and rare earth-doped materials, metal-organic frameworks, core/shell particles, and surface-modified particles Current and emerging application areas for upconverting nanoparticles, including heating, lighting, sensing, and detection Biomedical uses of nanoparticles, including photodynamic therapy Photon upconversion using nanoparticles has opened the door to a new universe of light-powered technology. This book is a key resource for scientists, physicists, and chemists across a wide range of disciplines who wish to master the theory, methods and applications of this powerful new technology.




Time-resolved Temperature Measurements and Thermal Imaging Using Nano-thermometers in Different Environments


Book Description

Temperature is one of the fundamental variables which carries thermodynamic information of a system. Temperature sensing and monitoring in a sub-micron scale are crucial to understanding phenomena such as thermal profile, heat dissipation, and distribution and thermodynamic transitions. This dissertation focuses on real-time temperature measurements in the nanoscale regime in various environments. Two erbium-based luminescent nanothermometers were used as temperature sensors: upconverting nanoparticles (NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+) and AlGaN:Er3+ films. These temperature sensors use the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) technique which exclusively follows the Boltzmann distribution equation for the calculation of temperature. The upconverting particles were introduced with a new universal calibration method that can overcome the uncertainty issues in extreme environments (such as limited excitation period and short acquisition time). The reliability of the method was confirmed by its application in temperature measurement in an electrospray jet which has a fluid velocity that is changing as it moves towards the tip. We found out the there was a formation of a microcavity at the tip of the cone, where the temperature rise was observed. The findings were supported by time-resolved energy balance equations. Next, we used AlGaN:Er3+ film to study the heat dissipation process in two universal media: air and water. We used our newly developed time-resolved temperature measurement technique and thermal imaging technique (introduced in this dissertation) to investigate the systems. Two gold nanosamples with the various extent of adhesion to the film were used. Both cases showed that heat dissipates faster in the air than in water, but the rate of heat dissipation is faster for the particles that adhered well to the film than to the particles loosely placed on it. Finally, for the ongoing project, we modified our thermal imaging technique to study circular dichroism in chiral gold structures. We mapped the photothermal effect on the gold structures, caused by circular dichroism when illuminated with circularly polarized laser light.




Liquid-Phase Transition in Water


Book Description

A profound secret of nature hidden in ice water in a glass cup is revealed in this book. The author teaches a simple method for understanding the complex properties of water through the concept of polyamorphism. Polyamorphism is the existence of two kinds of liquid water, leading to a discontinuous transition between them. Currently, this two-water scenario is controversial in the scientific community because definitive experimental proof is difficult. However, a growing number of researchers believe there is adequate circumstantial evidence for the scenario. This introductory book focuses experimental thermodynamic data of liquid water, supercooled water, and amorphous solid water at various pressures and temperatures, and demonstrates how the two-water scenario initially evolved experimentally. The book explains the importance of polyamorphism in comprehending liquid water.




Luminescence Thermometry


Book Description

Luminescence Thermometry: Methods, Materials, and Applications presents the state-of-the art applications of luminescence thermometry, giving a detailed explanation of luminescence spectroscopic schemes for the read-out of temperature, while also describing the diverse materials that are capable of sensing temperature via luminescence. Chapters cover the fundamentals of temperature, traditional thermometers and their figures of merit, a concise description of optical thermometry methods, luminescence and instrumentation, and an explanation of the ways in which increases in temperature quench luminescence. Additional sections focus on materials utilized for luminescence thermometry and the broad range of applications for luminescence thermometry, including temperature measurement at the nanoscale and the application of multifunctional luminescent materials. - Provides an overview of luminescence thermometry applications, including high-temperature, biomedical, nanoscale and multifunctional - Delves into luminescence thermometry by materials group, including Rare-earth and transition Metal Ion Doped, Semiconductors, Quantum Dots and Organic materials - Gives a concise introduction of the latest methods of temperature measurement, including luminescence spectroscopic schemes and methods of analysis




Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers


Book Description

Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers Understand a vital new bioanalytical technique with this comprehensive introduction to measuring temperature on the cellular scale Most organisms have highly controlled body temperatures, fluctuations in which are therefore sensitive indicators of changes in body function. In recent years, the development of fluorescent molecular thermometers and related intracellular temperature probes has enabled researchers to track these fluctuations at the cellular rather than the organismic level, opening up a whole new field of study in cell and molecular biology. Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers provides bioanalytical researchers with an introduction to these technologies and their current and future applications. Starting off with a discussion of temperature as a key factor in biological regulation, it provides an authoritative overview of available fluorescent temperature probes, their characteristics and potential applications. Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers readers will also find: Step by step instructions for constructing an intracellular thermometry experiment and validating results Comprehensive discussion of existing applications A vision for the future development of thermal biology as an independent discipline Authored by a pioneer in the field of intracellular thermometry, Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers is ideal for researchers in analytical chemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, biophysics, or any related subjects.




Thermoplasmonics


Book Description

Plasmonics is an important branch of optics concerned with the interaction of metals with light. Under appropriate illumination, metal nanoparticles can exhibit enhanced light absorption, becoming nanosources of heat that can be precisely controlled. This book provides an overview of the exciting new field of thermoplasmonics and a detailed discussion of its theoretical underpinning in nanophotonics. This topic has developed rapidly in the last decade, and is now a highly-active area of research due to countless applications in nanoengineering and nanomedicine. These important applications include photothermal cancer therapy, drug and gene delivery, nanochemistry and photothermal imaging. This timely and self-contained text is suited to all researchers and graduate students working in plasmonics, nano-optics and thermal-induced processes at the nanoscale.




Fluorescent Nanodiamonds


Book Description

The most comprehensive reference on fluorescent nanodiamond physical and chemical properties and contemporary applications Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have drawn a great deal of attention over the past several years, and their applications and development potential are proving to be manifold and vast. The first and only book of its kind, Fluorescent Nanodiamonds is a comprehensive guide to the basic science and technical information needed to fully understand the fundamentals of FNDs and their potential applications across an array of domains. In demonstrating the importance of FNDs in biological applications, the authors bring together all relevant chemistry, physics, materials science and biology. Nanodiamonds are produced by powerful cataclysmic events such as explosions, volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts. They also can be created in the lab by high-pressure high-temperature treatment of graphite or detonating an explosive in a reactor vessel. A single imperfection can give a nanodiamond a specific, isolated color center which allows it to function as a single, trapped atom. Much smaller than the thickness of a human hair, a nanodiamond can have a huge surface area that allows it to bond with a variety of other materials. Because of their non-toxicity, nanodiamonds may be useful in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and gene therapy. The most comprehensive reference on a topic of rapidly increasing interest among academic and industrial researchers across an array of fields Includes numerous case studies and practical examples from many areas of research and industrial applications, as well as fascinating and instructive historical perspectives Each chapter addresses, in-depth, a single integral topic including the fundamental properties, synthesis, mechanisms and functionalisation of FNDs The first book published by the key patent holder with his research group in the field of FNDs Fluorescent Nanodiamonds is an important working resource for a broad range of scientists and engineers in industry and academia. It will also be a welcome reference for instructors in chemistry, physics, materials science, biology and related fields.