Nanostructured Carbon Electron Emitters and Their Applications


Book Description

Carbon forms a variety of allotropes due to the diverse hybridization of s- and p-electron orbitals, including the time-honored graphite and diamond as well as new forms such as C60 fullerene, nanotubes, graphene, and carbyne. The new family of carbon isotopes—fullerene, nanotubes, graphene, and carbyne—is called “nanostructured carbon” or “nanocarbon.” These isotopes exhibit extreme properties such as ultrahigh mechanical strength, ultrahigh charge–carrier mobility, and high thermal conductivity, attracting considerable attention for their electronic and mechanical applications as well as for exploring new physics and chemistry in the field of basic materials science. Electron sources are important in a wide range of areas, from basic physics and scientific instruments to medical and industrial applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene behave as excellent electron-field emitters owing to their exceptional properties and offer several benefits compared to traditional cathodes. Field emission (FE) produces very intense electron currents from a small surface area with a narrow energy spread, providing a highly coherent electron beam—a combination that not only provides us with the brightest electron sources but also explores a new field of electron beam–related research. This book presents the enthusiastic research and development of CNT-based FE devices and focuses on the fundamental aspects of FE from nanocarbon materials, including CNTs and graphene, and the latest research findings related to it. It discusses applications of FE to X-ray and UV generation and reviews electron sources in vacuum electronic devices and space thrusters. Finally, it reports on the new forms of carbon produced via FE from CNT.




Nanostructured Carbon Electron Emitters and Their Applications


Book Description

Carbon forms a variety of allotropes due to the diverse hybridization of s- and p-electron orbitals, including the time-honored graphite and diamond as well as new forms such as C60 fullerene, nanotubes, graphene, and carbyne. The new family of carbon isotopes—fullerene, nanotubes, graphene, and carbyne—is called “nanostructured carbon” or “nanocarbon.” These isotopes exhibit extreme properties such as ultrahigh mechanical strength, ultrahigh charge–carrier mobility, and high thermal conductivity, attracting considerable attention for their electronic and mechanical applications as well as for exploring new physics and chemistry in the field of basic materials science. Electron sources are important in a wide range of areas, from basic physics and scientific instruments to medical and industrial applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene behave as excellent electron-field emitters owing to their exceptional properties and offer several benefits compared to traditional cathodes. Field emission (FE) produces very intense electron currents from a small surface area with a narrow energy spread, providing a highly coherent electron beam—a combination that not only provides us with the brightest electron sources but also explores a new field of electron beam–related research. This book presents the enthusiastic research and development of CNT-based FE devices and focuses on the fundamental aspects of FE from nanocarbon materials, including CNTs and graphene, and the latest research findings related to it. It discusses applications of FE to X-ray and UV generation and reviews electron sources in vacuum electronic devices and space thrusters. Finally, it reports on the new forms of carbon produced via FE from CNT.




Nanofillers for Sustainable Applications


Book Description

Nanofillers for Sustainable Applications provides an in-depth review of the wide-ranging applications of nanofillers. It explores both synthetic and natural nanofillers and focuses on their use as reinforcement and active fillers in composite structures. Covering various aspects of nanofillers, including synthesis methods, characteristics, properties, and compatibility, this book highlights the potential of nanofillers as functional materials for different applications and offers a collection of comparative studies to showcase their efficacy. It emphasizes sustainability, intelligent design, and high-end applications in fields such as packaging, pulp and paper, aerospace, automotive, medicine, chemical industry, biodiesel, and chemical sensors. This book is organized into several sections, covering topics such as synthetic nanomaterials, nanosafety, natural nanofillers, polymer composites, metal nanofillers, nanofillers in various industries, nanofillers in renewable energy, nanofillers in biomedical sectors, and nanofillers in automotive and aerospace industries. This book will be a useful reference for undergraduate and graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of materials science, nanomaterials, and polymer composites. Key features: • Focuses on the fabrication approaches used for nanofillers in nanocomposites. • Covers materials selection, design solutions, manufacturing techniques, and structural analysis, highlighting their potential as functional materials in different applications. • Explores the positive environmental impact and material property improvements resulting from increased composite utilization across diverse industries. • Discusses other types of nanofillers like nanocellulose, metal-based, graphene, and wood-based materials. • Includes case studies from leading industrial and academic experts.




Nanostructured Carbon for Advanced Applications


Book Description

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Erice, Sicily, Italy, July 19-31, 2000




Nanostructured Carbon for Energy Generation, Storage, and Conversion


Book Description

Carbon materials play a significant role in the development of alternative clean and sustainable energy technologies. This new volume focuses on the new applications of different carbon nanomaterials and graphene-carbon-nanotube hybrids for energy generation, energy storage, and energy conversion. It presents a comprehensive overview of recent developments on carbon-based nanomaterials with a focus on sustainable and clean energy applications. With chapters written by the leading academicians and researchers working in the field, the volume explores state-of-the-art developments using both commercially available and emerging materials and their potential applications for energy storage and energy harvesting.




Amorphous and Nanostructured Carbon: Volume 593


Book Description

There has been tremendous development in the science of carbon in past years. First came the development of the chemical vapor deposition of diamond, followed by the discovery of a new class of molecules - the fullerenes. Carbon nanotubes were discovered and techniques were developed to deposit new phases of amorphous carbon containing mainly sp3 bonding. This book brings together scientists and engineers from all areas of carbon research, both sp2 and sp3 bonded, from the fully amorphous to nanostructured carbon, to the highly ordered nanotubes. It covers a range of subjects including the synthesis and properties of nanotubes, as well as diamond-like carbon deposition and properties. Applications range from nanotubes for hydrogen storage, to electrochemical double-layer capacitors (supercapacitors), field emission displays, hard coatings, and carbon coatings for magnetic storage technology. The book deals with the growth, characterization, properties and applications of nanotubes and field emission from all varieties of carbon, amorphous and diamond-like carbon- growth, properties and applications. It also contains papers on diamond, silicon carbide, carbon nitride and beryllium films.




Handbook of Digital Imaging


Book Description

A comprehensive and practical analysis and overview of the imaging chain through acquisition, processing and display The Handbook of Digital Imaging provides a coherent overview of the imaging science amalgam, focusing on the capture, storage and display of images. The volumes are arranged thematically to provide a seamless analysis of the imaging chain from source (image acquisition) to destination (image print/display). The coverage is planned to have a very practical orientation to provide a comprehensive source of information for practicing engineers designing and developing modern digital imaging systems. The content will be drawn from all aspects of digital imaging including optics, sensors, quality, control, colour encoding and decoding, compression, projection and display. Contains approximately 50 highly illustrated articles printed in full colour throughout Over 50 Contributors from Europe, US and Asia from academia and industry The 3 volumes are organized thematically for enhanced usability: Volume 1: Image Capture and Storage; Volume 2: Image Display and Reproduction, Hardcopy Technology, Halftoning and Physical Evaluation, Models for Halftone Reproduction; Volume 3: Imaging System Applications, Media Imaging, Remote Imaging, Medical and Forensic Imaging 3 Volumes www.handbookofdigitalimaging.com




Chemical Processes—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition


Book Description

Chemical Processes—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about ZZZAdditional Research in a concise format. The editors have built Chemical Processes—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about ZZZAdditional Research in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Chemical Processes—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.




Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings


Book Description

The contributors to this second volume focus on functional properties, including optical, electronic, and electrical properties, as well as related devices and applications.




Vacuum Nanoelectronic Devices


Book Description

Introducing up-to-date coverage of research in electron field emission from nanostructures, Vacuum Nanoelectronic Devices outlines the physics of quantum nanostructures, basic principles of electron field emission, and vacuum nanoelectronic devices operation, and offers as insight state-of-the-art and future researches and developments. This book also evaluates the results of research and development of novel quantum electron sources that will determine the future development of vacuum nanoelectronics. Further to this, the influence of quantum mechanical effects on high frequency vacuum nanoelectronic devices is also assessed. Key features: • In-depth description and analysis of the fundamentals of Quantum Electron effects in novel electron sources. • Comprehensive and up-to-date summary of the physics and technologies for THz sources for students of physical and engineering specialties and electronics engineers. • Unique coverage of quantum physical results for electron-field emission and novel electron sources with quantum effects, relevant for many applications such as electron microscopy, electron lithography, imaging and communication systems and signal processing. • New approaches for realization of electron sources with required and optimal parameters in electronic devices such as vacuum micro and nanoelectronics. This is an essential reference for researchers working in terahertz technology wanting to expand their knowledge of electron beam generation in vacuum and electron source quantum concepts. It is also valuable to advanced students in electronics engineering and physics who want to deepen their understanding of this topic. Ultimately, the progress of the quantum nanostructure theory and technology will promote the progress and development of electron sources as main part of vacuum macro-, micro- and nanoelectronics.