NASECODE ...


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NASECODE


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NASECODE IV


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NASECODE III


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NASECODE III


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Analysis and Simulation of Semiconductor Devices


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The invention of semiconductor devices is a fairly recent one, considering classical time scales in human life. The bipolar transistor was announced in 1947, and the MOS transistor, in a practically usable manner, was demonstrated in 1960. From these beginnings the semiconductor device field has grown rapidly. The first integrated circuits, which contained just a few devices, became commercially available in the early 1960s. Immediately thereafter an evolution has taken place so that today, less than 25 years later, the manufacture of integrated circuits with over 400.000 devices per single chip is possible. Coincident with the growth in semiconductor device development, the literature concerning semiconductor device and technology issues has literally exploded. In the last decade about 50.000 papers have been published on these subjects. The advent of so called Very-Large-Scale-Integration (VLSI) has certainly revealed the need for a better understanding of basic device behavior. The miniaturization of the single transistor, which is the major prerequisite for VLSI, nearly led to a breakdown of the classical models of semiconductor devices.




Extracta Mathematicae


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Technology CAD Systems


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As the cost of developing new semiconductor technology at ever higher bit/gate densities continues to grow, the value of using accurate TCAD simu lation tools for design and development becomes more and more of a necessity to compete in today's business. The ability to tradeoff wafer starts in an advanced piloting facility for simulation analysis and optimization utilizing a "virtual fab" S/W tool set is a clear economical asset for any semiconductor development company. Consequently, development of more sophisticated, accurate, physics-based, and easy-to-use device and process modeling tools will receive continuing attention over the coming years. The cost of maintaining and paying for one's own internal modeling tool development effort, however, has caused many semiconductor development companies to consider replacing some or all of their internal tool development effort with the purchase of vendor modeling tools. While some (noteably larger) companies have insisted on maintaining their own internal modeling tool development organization, others have elected to depend totally on the tools offered by the TCAD vendors and have consequently reduced their mod eling staffs to a bare minimal support function. Others are seeking to combine the best of their internally developed tool suite with "robust", "proven" tools provided by the vendors, hoping to achieve a certain synergy as well as savings through this approach. In the following sections we describe IBM's internally developed suite of TCAD modeling tools and show several applications of the use of these tools.




Semiconductors


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This IMA Volume in Mathematics and its Applications SEMICONDUCTORS, PART II is based on the proceedings of the IMA summer program "Semiconductors." Our goal was to foster interaction in this interdisciplinary field which involves electrical engineers, computer scientists, semiconductor physicists and mathematicians, from both university and industry. In particular, the program was meant to encourage the participation of numerical and mathematical analysts with backgrounds in ordinary and partial differential equations, to help get them involved in the mathematical as pects of semiconductor models and circuits. We are grateful to W.M. Coughran, Jr., Julian Cole, Peter Lloyd, and Jacob White for helping Farouk Odeh organize this activity and trust that the proceedings will provide a fitting memorial to Farouk. We also take this opportunity to thank those agencies whose financial support made the program possible: the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Army Research Office, the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research. A vner Friedman Willard Miller, J r. Preface to Part II Semiconductor and integrated-circuit modeling are an important part of the high technology "chip" industry, whose high-performance, low-cost microprocessors and high-density memory designs form the basis for supercomputers, engineering work stations, laptop computers, and other modern information appliances. There are a variety of differential equation problems that must be solved to facilitate such mod eling.




Match


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